Vertebrates Ch. 5: Life History

Front 1

What are the 5 steps of embryo development, beginning with the fertilized egg?

Back 1

1. zygote
2. morula
3. blastula
4. gastrula
5. neurula

Front 2

A transport form of yolk formed in the liver of the female and carried in her blood.

Back 2

vitellogenin

Front 3

In the ovum, vitellogenin is transformed in to these, which consist of storage packets of nutrients the support the growing embryo.

Back 3

yolk platelets

Front 4

The amount of yolk in an egg is classified according to three types:
--little yolk
--medium yolk
--lots of yolk

Back 4

--microlecithal
--mesolecithal
--macrolecithal

Front 5

What is the embryonic term for
--even distribution of yolk
--concentration of yolk at one end

Back 5

--isolecithal
--telolecithal

Front 6

A transparent jacket of fibrous protein surrounding the embryo

Back 6

vitelline membrane

Front 7

The secondary egg envelope contains these cells, that usually fall off in vertebrates. In placental mammals, they cling to the ovum and form the _____.

Back 7

--follicle cells
--corona radiata

Front 8

The shell of oviparous animals' eggs is part of the_________ and the shelled egg itself is called a _________ egg.

Back 8

tertiary egg envelope, cleidoic

Front 9

1. Act of laying eggs
2. Act of giving live birth

3. Term encompassing both egg-laying and live birth

Back 9

1. oviposition
2. parturition

3. parition

Front 10

1. Embryos that draw nutrition from the yolk of the ovum

2. Embryos that get nutrients from alternative sources

Back 10

1. lecithotrophic

2. matrotrophic

Front 11

Cleavage patterns:
1. mitotic furrows pass throuth the entire zygote
2. furrowing is slowed and only a portion of the cytoplasm is cleaved
3. the vegetal pole remains undivided

Back 11

1. holoblastic
2. meroblastic
3. discoidal

Front 12

Methods of cell movement:
1. spread across outer surface as a unit
2. turn inward and spread on internal surface
2. indent and fold inward
3. split into parallel layers
4. individual cell migration from the surface to interior of the embryo

Back 12

1. epiboly
2. involution
3. invagination
4. delamination
5. ingression

Front 13

The formation of the gut and the space enclosed within it are called:

Back 13

gastrulation, gastrocoel (archenteron)

Front 14

Neurulation is the process of forming the _______ from the ectoderm, which eventually forms the central nervous system and encloses the _______.

Back 14

neural tube, neurocoel

Front 15

Departure from normal organ formation sequence is called:

Back 15

heterochrony

Front 16

Altered ontogeny in which:
--adults resemble juveniles
--adult forms are exaggeration of ancestral morphology

Back 16

--paedomorphosis
--peramorphosis

Front 17

extention of the gut cavity for contatining waste, fuses with the chorion later in develop

Back 17

allantoic membrane

Front 18

Animals that:
1. exhibit true viviparity
2. develop inside the mother, but receive no nourishment

Back 18

1. euviviparous
2. ovoviviparous