Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
93 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
axon
|
nerve fiber of aneuron carrying an impulse away from the cell body
|
|
|
chemoreception
|
a sense organ that responds to chemical molecules.
|
|
|
ciliary body
|
the tiny ring of muscle in the eye that focuses the lens
|
|
|
cristae
|
a mechanoreceptor within the semicircular canals of the vestibular apparatus of the ear; specialized neuromast organ detecting angular acceleration
|
|
|
dendrite
|
a nerve fiber of a neuron carrying impulsed toward the perikaryon
|
|
|
electroreceptor
|
a sensory organ that respons to electrical signals or fields
|
|
|
ganglion cells
|
a gallering of nerve cells bodies within peripheral nervous system
|
|
|
hair cell
|
a mechanoreceptive cell with a projecting hair bundle composed of a single kinodilium and seve3ral stereocilium
|
|
|
incus - def and derived from
|
the middle ear bone of mammals derived phylogenetically from the quadrate
|
|
|
kinocilium
|
a modified rigid cilium of the ear
|
|
|
macula
|
a mechanoreceptor within the vestibular apparatus of the ear; specialized neuromast organd detecting changes in body posture and acceleration
|
|
|
malleus- def and deriv
|
one of the three middle ear bones in mammals- phylogenetically derived from articular bone
|
|
|
mechanoreceptor
|
a sense organ that responds to small changes in mechanical force
|
|
|
neuromast organ
|
a mechanoreceptive organ composed of several hair cells as in the later line of the inner ear
|
|
|
olfaction
|
the act of smelling
|
|
|
otolith
|
a single calcareous mass in the cupulla of the hairs
|
|
|
pheromone
|
a chemical released into the environment by one individual taht influences the behavior or physiology of another individual of the same species
|
|
|
photopic
|
color vision in bright light.
|
|
|
photoreceptor
|
a radiation sensory receptor responsive to visible light stimuli
|
|
|
proprioreception
|
a specialized interoreceptor that responds to limb position, joint angle, and state of muscle contraction
|
|
|
scotopic
|
sensitivity to dim light
|
|
|
stapes - columella - hyomandibula
|
one of three middle ear bones in mammals phylogenetically derived from the colummella
|
|
|
stereocilia
|
very long microvilli
|
|
|
stereoscopic vision
|
denoting the ability to see images in 3 dimensions
|
|
|
tympanum
|
the eardrum or typanic membrane
|
|
|
vestibular apparatus
|
a sensory organ of the inner ear composed of semicircular canals and associated compartments such as sacculus, utriculus, and cochlea (lagena)
|
|
|
vomeronasal organ
|
a chemosensory organ present in the nasal chamber or roof of the mouth of some tetrapods
|
|
|
sensory receptors
|
monitor external and internal environment: specialized organs that respond to selected information. Code or translate environmental energies into nerve impulses that are transmitted to the CNS via afferent fibers which may or may not be received at conscious level of brain
|
|
|
perception
|
sensations that we as humans become conscious of
|
|
|
olfactory epithelium
|
specialized patch of epithelium within the nasal cavity that contains basal cells (replacement cells) and sustentacular cells which secrete mucus and support the olfacotry sensory cells
|
|
|
cribiform plate
|
olfacotry sensory cells sprout a tuft of sensory cilia at its apical end. at its basal end it sends an axon through the cribiform plate into the olfactory bulb
|
|
|
olfactory nerve
|
applied to the short axons from the olfactory sensory cells
|
|
|
Jacobson's organ
|
vomeronasal organ
|
|
|
taste buds
|
chemoreceptors of taste located in mouth: in amphibs, reptiles, and birds located in mouth and pharynx
|
|
|
facial, vagus, glossopharyngeal nerves
|
deliver info from taste buds to nervou system
|
|
|
gustary cells
|
light cells are thought to be the primary chemoreceptive cells of the taste bud
|
|
|
electromagnetic spectrum
|
cosmic radiation, radio waves, intermediate wavelenths
|
|
|
eye photoreceptors
|
sensitive to light
|
|
|
sclera
|
outer layer of the eye: white of yee: tought CT capsule attached to extrinsic ocular muslces: helps define shape of eyeball
|
|
|
scleral ossicles
|
birds, reptiles, fish: small plates of bone
|
|
|
choroid
|
adjacent to retina, largest region, highly vascularized, provides nutritional support ot the ocular tissues
|
|
|
tapetum lucidum
|
special reflective material on the choroid of nocturnal anaimals
|
|
|
iris
|
3rd region of the uvea, thin continuation of the uvea across the front of the eyeball
|
|
|
pupil
|
not a structure but an opening defined by the free edge of the iris
|
|
|
retina
|
innermost layer fo the eye, photosensitive: 3 layers
|
|
|
rods
|
in deepest layer of cells in retinal layer: sensitive to low levels of illumination but not colors
|
|
|
cones
|
sensitive to colors in bright light
|
|
|
horizontal and bipolar cells
|
synapse with photoreceptor cells
|
|
|
macrine and ganlion cells
|
proximal to horizontal and bipolar cells
|
|
|
sequence of light entering eye
|
retina->ganglion->amacrine->bipolar->and horizontal cells before it reaches the photoreceptive rods and cones
|
|
|
fovea
|
indention in retina: in few verts- point at the back of the lightball where light converges: pt of sharpest focus
|
|
|
anterior cahmber
|
btw. iris and cornea: in front of lens
|
|
|
posterior chamber
|
btw. iris and lens: in front of lens
|
|
|
vitreal chamber
|
third and larges chamber: located behind lense
|
|
|
aqueous humor
|
fills the anterior and posterior chamber that helps maintin shapee of eyeball
|
|
|
vitreous humor
|
in vitreal chamber
|
|
|
optic vesicles
|
development of the eye begins with the appearance of these paired outgrowths from the sides of the future telencephalon
|
|
|
pappilary cone
|
in reptiles projected into the vitrous chamber to provide nutiriotn support for deep ocular tissue
|
|
|
pecten
|
in birds projected into vitreoius chamber
|
|
|
opsins
|
visual pigments that are proteins conjugated with a light absorbing derivative of vitamin A
|
|
|
monocular vision
|
vision in which the visual fiedls do not overlap: common in prey animals
|
|
|
vinocular vision
|
visual field overlaps in animals.
|
|
|
stereoscopic vison
|
within the areas of overlap the 2 visual fields merge into a single image
|
|
|
optic chiasm
|
in binocular vision, the visual field half of input crosses here to the opp side of brain
|
|
|
pineal gland
|
epiphysis if it is largely endocrine in functioin
|
|
|
infrared receptors
|
thermoreceptors
|
|
|
labial pits
|
along lips of pythons that hold nerve endings
|
|
|
fascial pits
|
sunken- sensory nerve endings are suspended in a thin pit membrane halfway btw. the bootom and the top of the pit
|
|
|
cupula
|
the projecting hair bundles are usually embedded this gelatinous cap
|
|
|
lateral line system
|
present in most cyclostomes, other fish, aquatic amphibs but unknown in terrest. verts
|
|
|
endolymph
|
fills vestibular apparatus
|
|
|
perilymph
|
surrounds vestibular apparatus
|
|
|
otic placode
|
vestibular apparatus forms from this embryologically,
|
|
|
sacculus and utriculus
|
connecting compartments in the vestibular apparatus
|
|
|
semicircular canals
|
oriented in 3 planes of space
|
|
|
cochlea
|
sensory receptor of sound in here: lagena becomes coiled into this sin mammals
|
|
|
organ of corti
|
sensory receptor of sound= specialized strip of neuromasts connected to the brain via the auditory nerve
|
|
|
external auditory meatus
|
short indented tube which opens to the surface through external orifice. longated in birds and mammals
|
|
|
pinna
|
correct term for ear- exteral cartilaginous flap surrounding external orifice
|
|
|
middle ear ossicles
|
three tiny bones in middle ear
|
|
|
tympanum
|
ear drum, thin taut membrane
|
|
|
eustachian tube
|
maintains continuity btw. the middle ear cavity and the pharynx
|
|
|
scala vestibuli
|
one of 3 coiled fluid filled channels of cochlea
|
|
|
scala tympani
|
one of 3 coiled fluid filled channels of cochlea
|
|
|
scala media
|
canal btw. scala vestibuli and scala media
|
|
|
basilar membrane
|
separates the scala tympani from the scala media and the organ of Corti vibrates with the basilar membrane
|
|
|
tectorial membrane
|
firm plate in which hair bundles of organ of corti are embedded
|
|
|
fenestra ovalis
|
sound enters the inner ear through this oval window
|
|
|
fenestra rotunda
|
round window at the end of the perilymphatic cannals
|
|
|
macula neglecta
|
supplementary sensory area near the utriculus
|
|
|
weberian ossicles
|
in other species, the swim bladder is connected to the inner ear through these bones
|
|
|
stapedial muscle
|
thought to be derivative of the levator scapulae and runs from teh suprascapula to the stapes
|
|
|
electroplaques
|
in electric fish: specialized blocks of muscle which form the electric organ
|
