Vertebral Column

Front 1

Structures shown on AP Oblique projection of the Lumbar Spine

Back 1

Area from lower T-spine to sacrum
Zygopophyseal joints close to IR (Scottie Dogs)
When Pedicle is anterior - pt not rotated enough
When Pedicle is posterior - pt rotated too much
Vertebral column parallel to table

Front 2

Structures shown on lateral lumbar spine

Back 2

Lateral view of lower t-spine to coccyx
Open intervertebral disk spaces
Superimposed posterior margins of each vertebral body
Spinous processes
IVF of L1-L4

Front 3

How do you position the patient for AP oblique projection of the Lumbar Spine

Back 3

Patient rotated 45 degrees toward affected side

Front 4

Structures shown on AP Axial (lumbar) - Hibbs view/Ferguson view

Back 4

Lumbosacral junction & sacrum
Open intervertebral space between L5 & S1
Both SI joints

Front 5

Structures shown on AP L-spine

Back 5

AP of lower T-spine to sacrum
Open intervertebral joints
SI joints equidistance from spine
Symmetric vertebrae w/spinous processes centered to bodies

Front 6

Structures shown on lateral Thoracic Spine

Back 6

Thoracic vertebrae seen through rib & lung shadows
Ribs superimposed posteriorly
Open intervertebral disk spaces
IVF open
C-7 thru L-1

Front 7

Structures shown on AP Thoracic Spine radiograph

Back 7

AP projection of all 12 bodies
Intervertebral disc spaces
Tranverse processes
Costovertebral articulation & some surrounding structures

Front 8

L-spine
Zygopophyseal joints - what position is the patient in ??
Which do you see on AP??
Which do you see on the PA?

Back 8

45 degree oblique
AP = side down
PA = side up

Front 9

T-spine
Zygopophyseal joint - what position should the patient be in?
Which do you see on the AP?
Which on the PA?

Back 9

70 degree oblique
AP = side up
PA = side down

Front 10

L- spine

Position of patient to radiograph IVF?
Zygopophyseal joints?

Back 10

Lateral for IVF
45 degree oblique for joints

Front 11

T- spine

Position of patient to radiograph IVF?
Position for zygopophyseal joints?

Back 11

IVF = Lateral
70 degree for joints

Front 12

To radiograph IVF of the lumbar region, what position should the patient be in ?

Back 12

True lateral

Front 13

Zygopophyseal joints of the lumbar region project ________ from the mcp and form a ______ degree angle with the msp.

Back 13

Posteriorly from the MCP

Form a 45 degree angle with msp

Front 14

To radiograph Zygopophyseal joints of the lumbar region, the patient is rotated __?__ degrees from anatomical

Back 14

45 degrees

Front 15

IVF of the thoracic region are ______ to the MSP

Back 15

Perpendicular

Front 16

To demonstrate radiographically the IVF of the thoracic region, what position should the patient be in?

Back 16

True lateral

Front 17

Which Thoracic zygopophyseal joint (side up or down) is seen on a 70 degree PA Oblique?

Back 17

Side down

Front 18

Which thoracic zygopophyseal joint (side up or down) is seen on a 70 degree AP Oblique?

Back 18

Side up

Front 19

To demonstrate the thoracic Zygopophyseal joints radiographically, you must rotate the patient __?__ degrees from anatomical or __?__ from lateral position.

Back 19

70 degrees from anatomical
20 degrees from lateral

Front 20

Zygopophyseal joints of the thoracic region project __?__ approx __?__ degrees to form a __?__ degree angle with the MSP.

Back 20

Project anterior
approx 20 degrees
70 degrees with the MSP

Front 21

Functions of the vertebral column

Back 21

Encloses and protects spinal cord
Acts as support for the trunk
Supports the skull
Provides attachment for deep muscles of the back and ribs

Front 22

The vertebral column forms -------

Back 22

The central axis of the skeleton

Front 23

Cervical curvature

Back 23

Lordotic

Front 24

Thoracic curvature

Back 24

Kyphotic

Front 25

Lumbar curvature

Back 25

Lordotic

Front 26

Pelvic curvature

Back 26

Kyphotic

Front 27

Primary curves of the spine

Back 27

The thoracic and pelvic curves
(present at birth)

Front 28

Secondary or compensatory curves of the spine

Back 28

Cervical and lumbar curves
(develop after birth)

Front 29

Kyphosis

Back 29

Any abnormal increase in the anterior concavity of the thoracic curve

Front 30

Lordosis

Back 30

Any abnormal increase in the anterior convexity of the lumbar or cervical curve

Front 31

Pelvic curvature

Back 31

Kyphotic

Front 32

Primary curves of the spine

Back 32

The thoracic and pelvic curves
(present at birth)

Front 33

Secondary or compensatory curves of the spine

Back 33

Cervical and lumbar curves
(develop after birth)

Front 34

Kyphosis

Back 34

Any abnormal increase in the anterior concavity of the thoracic curve

Front 35

Lordosis

Back 35

Any abnormal increase in the anterior convexity of the lumbar or cervical curve

Front 36

Scoliosis

Back 36

An abnormal lateral curvature of the spine

Front 37

Most anterior portion of the vertebra

Back 37

The body

Front 38

Project posteriorly from the body of the vertebra

Back 38

Pedicles

Front 39

Extend posteriorly from the pedicles of the vertebra

Back 39

Laminae

Front 40

Extend laterally from junction of pedicles and laminae

Back 40

Transverse process

Front 41

Extend posteriorly from junction of laminae - where the laminae articulate

Back 41

Spinous process

Front 42

1st cervical spine vertebra

Back 42

The Atlas

Front 43

2nd cervical spine vertebra

Back 43

The Axis

Front 44

Formed by 2 pedicles and 2 laminae that support 4 articular processes, 2 transverse processes and 1 spinous process

Back 44

Vertebral arch

Front 45

Concave superior and inferior surfaces of pedicles that by articulation form intervertebral foramina (IVF)

Back 45

Vertebral notches

Front 46

Articulating surfaces of the 4 articular processes that form the zygopophyseal joints

Back 46

Facets

Front 47

Have costal facets and demifacets for articulations with ribs

Have long spinous processes that project downward

Back 47

Thoracic Vertebrae

Front 48

Support most of the bodies weight
Have large bodies
Have large transverse and spinous porcesses

Back 48

Lumbar Vertebrae

Front 49

Functional studies of the Lumbar spine

Back 49

AP right and left bending
Lateral Flexion and Extension

Front 50

AP right and left bending, functional studies of the Lumbar spine are used for -------???

Back 50

To determine motion in area of spinal fusion
In patients with early scoliosis
To localize herniated disks

Front 51

Functional studies of the Lumbar spine, lateral flexion and extension are used ?????

Back 51

To determine motion in the area of spinal fusion
to localize herniated disk