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46 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back

Vertebral Regions

Cervical - C1-C7


Thoracic T1-T12


Lumbar L1-L5


Sacral S1-S5 (Fused)


Coccyx 4


33 Total

Spinal nerves

8


12


5


5


1


Total of 31

Spinal nerves C1-C7 emerge..

Above their corresponding vertebrae

Spinal nerves emergr

Below corresponding vertebrae

General functions of spinal column

Carriage and protection of spinal cord and nerves


Support to thoracic and rib cage


Transfers weight of upper limb to lower limb


Absorbs shock


Provides attachment for muscle

Purpose of the articulate facets

To interlock and reduce individual movement of vertebra

C1 Atlas carries...

The weight of the cranium

Atlas does not have

A body.

C2 is also known as the

Axis

The odontoid process of the axis forms a

Pivot joint with atlas

The strength of the transverse ligament is required to

Prevent the odontoid process from impacting against the medulla and causing death

Cervical vertebra have...

Small bodies and holes in their transverse processes

The most prominent vertebrae in the neck is

C7, vertebra prominens

The vertebral foramen is large in the cervical vertebra due to

The large size of the spinal cord at this level

The vertebral artery only travels through the

Upper 6 Vertebra, not C7.

The vertebral artery can get compressed within the

Foramen transversarium

The thoracic vertebrae...

Increase in size and have articulate facets for ribs

The thoracic vertebrae have a

Heart shaped body

The lumbar vertebra...

Cope with large forces and articulations are aligned to prevent rotational movement.

The body of the lumbar vertebra

Are large and kidney shaped

The foramen of the lumbar vertebrae are

Small due to the decrease in size of the spinal cord.

The sacrum consists of

5 fused vertebrae

The sacrum transmits weight to the

Pelvic girdle

The last parts of the spinal nerve come through an opening at the base of the sacrum called

The sacral hiatus

The sacral hiatus is used for

Sacral epidural

Intervertebral discs

Resist compression and form a mobile joint.

Intervertebral discs are classed as

Secondary cartilagenous joints

The intervertebral discs are present from

Beneath C2 to above S1

The intervertebral discs increase in thickness

Distally

What is the remnant of the notochord?

The nucleus pulposus

Zygapophyseal joints are located

Between articulate facets of adjacent vertebra

Zygapophyseal joints are classed as

Simple synovial plane joints

The ligamentum flavum is

An elastic ligament joining adjacent vertebra

The ligamentum nuchae can be palpated

In the neck

Ligament above the vertebra

Supraspinous ligament

Ligament below the vertebra

Interspinous ligament

Force applied to the vertebral column will increase the pressure of

The nucleus pulposus

The increase in NP pressure will tense the

Annulus fibrosus

IV disc herniation is..

The rupture of the NP through the AF

Spinal curvature anteriorly

Lordosis

Spinal curvature posteriorly

Kyphosis

Curvature of the spine is related to

Disc shape

The fetus is in a postural state known as

Universal flexion

Pregnant women have lumbar

Hyperlordosis

Spondylolysis

Fracture in region of articular facets (no displacement)


Cause of lower back pain

Spondy

Spinet