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49 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
Isosmolal
same water concentration as surroundings
Hyposmolal
more salt outside body
Hyperosmolal
more salt within body
Interperitoneal location
within the peritoneum section of the body. Where kidneys are.
nephron design
blood vessel -> GLOMERULUS -> RENAL CAPSULE -> proximal CONVOLUTED TUBULE (PCT) -> Loop of Henle -> distal CONVOLUTED TUBULE (DCT) -> collecting duct
ureter
fill bladder directly in mammals
urethra
drains bladder in amniotes
cloaca
outlet of excretory, reproductive and digestive
urogenital portion
of mammals not in cloaca
Ammonotelism
bony fishes ans many lissamphibia - most common was of discharging waste
ammonia
NH3 - eliminated over gills and/or skin in bony fishes and many lissamphibia
ureotelism
chondrithichthyans, dipnoi (dry), mammals
-urea
urea
produced in liver, excreted by kidneys.
uricotelism
aves, crocs, squamates,
-uric acid
medulla
gradients of loop of Henle section of nephron.
loops of Henle
between PCT and DCT
vasa recta
vessel bed surrounding loop of Henle
dioecious
species has separate males and females
hermaphrodites
organisms that contain male and female parts
parthenogens
females only, rely on males of other species for reproduction to occur. sexual parasites.
indeterminate
early embryonic stage in sex determination
therian mammals
XY male XX female
birds
zz male zw female
fish and lissamphibians
genetic sex factors scattered, noy just in chromosomes
reptiles
temperature determines sex
female reproductive organs
OVARIES and OVIDUCTS
Production of Ova
Oogonia -> mitosis -> Oocytes -> meiosis -> Ova (haploid)
Follicles
nurture ova during production
corpus luteum
follicle post ovulation
progesterone
-primary hormone that signals pregnancy in mammals
-promotes embryo retention
Male reproductive organs
TESTES and SPERM DUCTS
Spermatozoa production
Spermatogonia -> mitosis -> Spermatocytes -> meiosis -> Spermatozoa
seminiferous tubules
site of development and storage
interstitial cells
produce testosterone
Epididymus and sperm ducts
sperm transport and storage
vas deferens
sperm ducts
Archinephric dutc
taken over as sperm ducts (derived)
intromittent organs (males)
internal fertilization
claspers
sharks, skates and rays
gonopodia
guppies - elongated portion of anal fin
spermatophore
some amphibians
hemotumescence
blood used to fill structure
hemipenes
paired and invertible (2 penises)
oviparity
egg production
oviposition
when eggs are layed
viviparity
"live bearing"
parturition
birth
matrophy
nutrients provided by maternal secretions or placenta
lecithotrophy
nutrients provided by yolk