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49 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Isosmolal
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same water concentration as surroundings
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Hyposmolal
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more salt outside body
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Hyperosmolal
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more salt within body
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Interperitoneal location
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within the peritoneum section of the body. Where kidneys are.
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nephron design
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blood vessel -> GLOMERULUS -> RENAL CAPSULE -> proximal CONVOLUTED TUBULE (PCT) -> Loop of Henle -> distal CONVOLUTED TUBULE (DCT) -> collecting duct
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ureter
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fill bladder directly in mammals
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urethra
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drains bladder in amniotes
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cloaca
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outlet of excretory, reproductive and digestive
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urogenital portion
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of mammals not in cloaca
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Ammonotelism
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bony fishes ans many lissamphibia - most common was of discharging waste
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ammonia
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NH3 - eliminated over gills and/or skin in bony fishes and many lissamphibia
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ureotelism
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chondrithichthyans, dipnoi (dry), mammals
-urea |
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urea
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produced in liver, excreted by kidneys.
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uricotelism
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aves, crocs, squamates,
-uric acid |
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medulla
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gradients of loop of Henle section of nephron.
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loops of Henle
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between PCT and DCT
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vasa recta
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vessel bed surrounding loop of Henle
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dioecious
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species has separate males and females
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hermaphrodites
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organisms that contain male and female parts
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parthenogens
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females only, rely on males of other species for reproduction to occur. sexual parasites.
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indeterminate
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early embryonic stage in sex determination
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therian mammals
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XY male XX female
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birds
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zz male zw female
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fish and lissamphibians
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genetic sex factors scattered, noy just in chromosomes
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reptiles
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temperature determines sex
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female reproductive organs
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OVARIES and OVIDUCTS
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Production of Ova
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Oogonia -> mitosis -> Oocytes -> meiosis -> Ova (haploid)
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Follicles
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nurture ova during production
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corpus luteum
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follicle post ovulation
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progesterone
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-primary hormone that signals pregnancy in mammals
-promotes embryo retention |
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Male reproductive organs
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TESTES and SPERM DUCTS
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Spermatozoa production
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Spermatogonia -> mitosis -> Spermatocytes -> meiosis -> Spermatozoa
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seminiferous tubules
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site of development and storage
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interstitial cells
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produce testosterone
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Epididymus and sperm ducts
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sperm transport and storage
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vas deferens
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sperm ducts
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Archinephric dutc
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taken over as sperm ducts (derived)
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intromittent organs (males)
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internal fertilization
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claspers
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sharks, skates and rays
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gonopodia
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guppies - elongated portion of anal fin
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spermatophore
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some amphibians
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hemotumescence
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blood used to fill structure
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hemipenes
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paired and invertible (2 penises)
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oviparity
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egg production
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oviposition
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when eggs are layed
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viviparity
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"live bearing"
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parturition
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birth
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matrophy
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nutrients provided by maternal secretions or placenta
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lecithotrophy
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nutrients provided by yolk
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