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53 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Dura mater is derived from ??
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sclerotome
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Spinal epidural/ extradural space is a true space that contains ?
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Valveless veins of Bateson
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Arachnoid mater is originated embyonically from ??
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Neural crest
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subarachnoid space is a true space which contains ??
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CSF, cerebral Arteries and veins
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what organ prevents the brain displacement ??
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4 inward double layered septae (Dural infoldings)
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which sinuses surrounds the Falx cerebri ??
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SSS, ISS, Straight sinus
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which cranial nerves go thro the tentorium foramen ??
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CN3 and 4
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where is Cn5 ganglion located ??
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Meckel’s cave
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which sinuses arise from the tentorium cerebelli??
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Straight, superior petrosal, Transverse
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Diaphragma sellae allow the passage of which structures ??
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Pituitary stalk and Hypophyseal vessels
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H simplex type 1 can spread to temporal lobe using which vessels ?
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meningeal branches of V2 and V3 in MCF
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which vessel cause the EDH in a temporal head injury ??
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MMA ( middle Meningeal Artery)
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MMA enters the cranial cavity thro which foraen ??
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foramen spinosum
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MMA anterior branch runs underneath which bone structure ??
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the pterion
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meningeal vein drins in ??
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Pterygoid venous plexus/ sphinoparital sinus
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an injury in the scalp might lead to infection which will spread throu which veins ??
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Emissary veins
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Dural venous sinuses drains into ??
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internal jugular vein (IJV)
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an infection can spread from the nose to the brain thro which sinus ??
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SSS
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great vein of galen is a union of which two veins ??
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thalamostiate and choroidal vein
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which vein runs below the splenium ??
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great cerebelar vein of galen
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which sinus lies posterior to Mastoid antrum ??
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Sigmoid sinus
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which structures run thro the Cavernous sinus ??
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IC artery, sym nerve plexus, CN6
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which structures run in the lateral wall of cavernous sinus ??
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CN3,4,V1,V2
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the spread of facial infections occur thro which vein ?
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Superior and inferior ophthalmic veins and deep facial vein
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abdomino pelvic cancer is spread thro ??
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Sup/ Inf petrosal sinuses
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Meningioma originate from which cells ??
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Arachnoid cap cells
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which structure is seen in an X ray as radiolucencies??
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Granular foveolae
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spinal dura fuses with Filum terminale at what level ??
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S2
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what is the major function of spinal pia ??
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attach to inner surface of dura w 21 attachments and suspend the spinal cord in the middle of the dural sheeth
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what are the functions of Arachnoid CSF ??
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Fluid buoyancy protection to brain, waste disposal, hormone transport
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what is the virchow’s triad ??
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vascular stasis : low pressure and slow moving blood
Endothelial damage : by spread of infection ; Hypercoagulable states: Dehydration |
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what is the most common cause of SSS thrombosis??
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dehydration
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what are the manifestations of SSS thrombosis ??
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Severe headache, bilateral babinski sign, Bilateral LL spastic paresis
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what is the most likely cause of a transverse sinus thrombosis??
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mastoditis and otitis media
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what are the manifestations of TST ??
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Headache, hearing loss, vertigo
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what is the tobey ayers test ??
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in TST, a compression of the IJV on the affected side will cause no increase in the CSP pressure, but a compression of IJV on the normal side will cause a big rise in CSF pressure
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- Extradural Hemorrhage is due to a fracture in which bone?? And the bleeding is due to rupture of which vessel??
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pterion fracture and bleeding from the MMA
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what are the manifestations extradural hemorrhage ??
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Kernohan notch: notching of opposite crus cerebri
Ipsilateral spastic hemiparesis, Hutchinson pupil (CN3), visual field cuts, Duret hemorrhage(rupture of basilar A) |
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Subdural hematoma is caused by ?
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shearing forces that tether the bridging veins
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what is the manifestations of SDH ??
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fluctuating consciousness and fundus shows papilledema
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what is the most common cause of SAH ??
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Rupture of the IC saccular (Berry) aneurysm in the circle of willis
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what are the manifestations of SAH ??
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thunderclap headache “Worst headache of my life”, “Never experienced before”, nuchal bridging: stiff nick,
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SAH requires an urgent non contract ct scan which will show ?
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will show the Hemorrhage as a bright area surrounding the brain lining
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how to distinguish between traumatic spinal tap and SAH??
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in two blood samples, SAH will be bloody stained in both while a traumatic spinal tab will be clear in the second sample. And xanthochromia is not seen in traumatic spinal tab (RBC Bilirubin)
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what is the most likely causative agent for meningitis ??
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S pneumonia, N. Meningitidis S.agalactiae in newborn).
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what is seen in the SA space in Bacterial meningitis ??
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PMN exudates
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what are the manifestations of Bacterial meningitis ?
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Headache, photophobia, nuchal rigidity.
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what is Kernig’s and Brudzinski sign in Bacterial meningitis??
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Kernig: Patient has a passive flexed knee that cause pain upon extension, Brudzinski: patient tend to flex hip and knees to relieve pain.
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what is the lab signs for waterhouse Friderichsen syndrome ??
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Protein increased (<45), Glucose decreased(>45) and normal CSF
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what are the lab values for Viral meningitis ??
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increased protein, normal glucose.
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what is the lab values for TBM (Tuberculous meningitis) ??
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increased protein, decreased glucose, and acid fast bacilli in CSF.
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what are the lab values of Syphilitic meningitis??
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increased proteins, decreased glucose, dark ground illumination DGI show T. Pallidum
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what are the lab values for Fungal meningitis ??
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increased proteins, decreased glucose, and India ink stain confirm Cryptococcus
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