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23 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Living Elements in Arthropod-borne disease cycles (4)
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Parasite/etiological agents
Reservoir Vector Host |
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Vectors (Important Orders)
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Diptera - Mosquitoes + Flies
SIphonoptera - Fleas Anoplura - Sucking lice Hemptera - True bugs Acarina - Ticks and mites Orthoptera - Cockroaches |
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2 Factor DIseases
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Parasite + Host
Measles -- Typhoid -- Syphilis |
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3 Factor Diseases
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Parasite + Vector + Host
Malaria -- Yellow Fever -- Dengue -- Typhus |
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4 Factor Diseases
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Parasite + Reservoir + Vector + Host
Encephalitis -- Murine Typhus -- Spotted Fever -- Plague -- Tularemia |
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4 Types of Transmission
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Mechanical
Biological Propagative Cyclopropagative Cyclodevelopmental |
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Mechanical Transmission
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No biochemical or physiological relationship between arthropod or pathogen required
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Propagative Transmission
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Simple multiplication of pathogen without cyclic change or sequential development
Virus/agent transmitted will be greater than that which was taken up |
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Cyclopropagative Multiplication
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Agent undergoes cyclic changes AND MULTIPLIES in arthropod vector's body
Man - insect - Man (Malaria) Vertebrate - Insect - Man (Chagas) |
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Cyclodevelopmental Transmission
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Cyclic change but NO multiplication
Vertebrate - Arthropod - Man (Filariasis via mosquitoes) Man - Snail - Crab - Man (Lung fluke, broad tapeworm) |
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Mammal - Insect - Man
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Anthrax + Stable flies
Tularemia + deer flies |
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Insect - Insect - Man
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Dematobia to Psorophora spp. to Man
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Man - Filth Flies - Man
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Dysentery -- cholera -- typhoid
Conjunctivitis and eye gnats (viral) |
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Man - Insect - Man
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Yellow Fever -- Dengue via A. aegypti
Relapsing fever via Body louse |
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Vertebrate - Arthropod - Man
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Encephalitis + mosquitoes + birds
Plague + rats + fleas |
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Species
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A group of individuals or populations capable of interbreeding and producing viable offspring
Reproductively isolated from other groups; fundamentally similar in structure |
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Taxonomy
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Theory and practice of biological classification
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Aedes Aegypti Taxonomy
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Kingdom - Animalia
Phylum - Arthropoda Subphylum - Mandibulata Class - Hexapod Order - Diptera Family - Culicidae Genus - Aedes Subgenus - Setgomyia Species - aegypti Linnaeus |
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Sympatric
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Closely related species in terms of their characteristics
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Panmitic
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Morphologically similar throughout species range
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Parapatric
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Relationships between organisms whose ranges do NOT overlap, but are immediately adjacent to each other
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Allopatric
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Geographically separated; if 2 allopatric species are morphologically different, species status becomes questionable
e.g. A. aegypti (urban) vs. A. aegypti formosus (forest) |
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5 Situations Where Morphological Data Alone is Insufficient
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2 sympatric (overlapping) or parapatric species; similar in morphologicla status
2 allopatric (physically separated) populations morphologically different 2 parapatric populations morphologically distinct; clinical variation/broad hybridization seen 2 Morphologically distinct populations; represent polymorphism within interbreeding population Asexual species; may be morphologically similar but arose independently |
