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27 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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IMPACTS OF PESTS ON PUBLIC HEALTH
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- flies cause diarrhea, thyphoi, dysentery
-mosquitoes cause encephalitis, malaria, yellow fever -lice cause yphus and relapsing fever -fleas cause plague -mites cause scabies and allergies -ticks cause Lymes diseases, Rocky Mountain spotted fever -Ants cause bites -rodents cause rat-bite fever hanta virus |
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IMPACT ON AGRICULTURE
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-insects attack all stages of plant life
-can thin cattle and affect horses -can reduce yield of milk and eggs -eat wooden buildings and woolen clothing -rats wat 20% of world's crops annually |
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IMPACT ON QUALITY OF LIFE
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-transmit diseases like: plague, typhus fever through fleas, salmonella through urine, rat bite fever
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HISTORY OF RODENTS
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-have helped spread global pandemics like Plague
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THREE TYPES OF RODENTS
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-House mouse
-Norway rat -Roof rat |
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CHARACTERISTICS OF HOUSE MOUSE
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- smallest of rodents
-some can transmit diseas(ex. white-footed mouse=Lymes disease; field mouse=hantavirus) -impossible to control populations -droppings are small |
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CHARACTERISTICS OF NORWAY RAT
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-most common and largest of rodents
-large body, but short tail; small ears; blunted nose -nest in the ground -burrow under floors and wood piles and concrete slabs -droppings are large |
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CHARACTERISTICS OF ROOF RAT
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-smaller that Norway rat
-small body, but long tail; large ears; pointed nose -can climb trees and shbbery -nest in buildings |
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CHARACTERISTICS OF RATS
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-one of the fastest reproducing mammals
-poor vision; but great smell -can eat decayed food and contaminated water, with no health effects -have strict social structure -very intelligent -not hostile towards humans -adapt to environment and adversity -good balance, and great swimmers -nocturnal |
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HOW TO DETECT RATS
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-droppings
-runways -rubmarks -burrows -gnawing -tracks |
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RODENT CONTROL METHODS
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1. Eliminate food sources= seal garbage in METAL cans and educate public
2. Seal building openings=seal small openings; prvents burrowing; implement strict building codes 3. Traps, fumigants, poisons= difficult to use ecause rats are smart feeders; avoid contact with unfamiliar objects; |
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TYPES OF RAT POISON
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-Warfarin= slow acting anti-coagulant
-Red squill=heart paralysis -Zinc phosphide= reacts with stomach acid, produced phosphine -Norbomide= impairs circulation |
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IMPACT OF INSECTS ON PUBLIC HEALTH
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-insects spread diseases like malaria and yellow fever, which pose significant health problems
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CHARACTERISTICS OF MOSQUITOES
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-warm weather insects= don't fly when temp is < 57 degrees
-fly low in atmosphere -live for only 1-2 weeks -lay over 500 eggs in that time= < 5% become adults -only females bites=inject enzymes called, apyrase, which produces histamines in body |
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PROFILE OF YELLOW FEVER
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-Agent: Flavivirus
-20-50% fatal if not treated -Transmitted to humans by mosquitoes, Aedes aegypti -occurs in places that are overcrowded, poorly sanitaized, and high mosquito populations |
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MOSQUITO METHODS OF CONTROL
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-complex because differnet species have different habits
-Two main methods: 1. Reduce the poulation= eliminate breeding grounds; apply insecticides 2. Prevent mosquito bites and provide medical treatment -B. thuringiensis= bacterium which hashelped control mosquito populations -Chemical insecticides= DDT(past); Malathion (now) Other control methods: -drainage canals -removing stagnat water -disrupting lifecycle -using mosquito repllents -wearling protective clothing/netting |
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FLIES
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1. Housefly(Musca Domestica)
-may carry disease agents 2. Screwworm fly -affct livestock 3. Mediterranean fruitfly(Medfly) -affects citrus and other fruits |
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HOUSEFLY
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-breeds in decaying animal/vegetable matter
-manure serves as habitat -regurgitates to dissolve food -carry pathogens like: typhoid, dysentery, diarrhea, cholera |
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SCREWWORM FLY
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-lays eggs in wounds of animals
-invasion of maggots -affects Central and South America, Libya |
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MEDFLY
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-lays eggs in acidic fruit
-eggs heatch into larvae and eat way thrugh fruit; fruit then falls to grounds; larvae burrow underground and pupate into adults -affects oranges, grapefruit, peaches, apples |
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METHODS OF CONTROL FOR FLIES
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1. Screens
2. good sanitation=control garbage; cover garbage, regular disposal 3. Chemical insecticides |
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CHARACTERISTICS OF TICKS
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-Disease vector
-mouthparts enable penetration -common parasites of deer and mice -cause Lymes disease |
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LYME DISEASE
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-Erythema migrans
-Symptoms= read rash, looks like bullseye; arthritis, body aches -Neurological disease= stiff neck, headaches, meningitis, loss of motor skilld -can cause ehart problems |
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CHARACTERISTICS OF COCKROACHES
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-cannibilistic
-cocrophagus -necrophagus -omnivorous -thigmotacic 4 types: American, German, Oriental, and Brown Banded |
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MORE ROACHRISTICS
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-nocturnal
-transport dysentery, diarrhea, typhoid, hepatitis -reproduce rapidly |
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GERMAN ROACH LIVING ARRANGEMENTS
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-reproduces faster than any other species, has 4x the as many eggs
-stay low, near structure -like kitchens, baths, places with moisture -don't colonize -like to eat mold growth |
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ROACH CONTROL
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1. Water
-eliminate simple or overt problems 2. Shelter -need strucure, lack of this can cause stress and unsuitable egg drop 3. Food -Kitchens, toilets, garbage 4. Mates -lower population= less mating 5. Pyrethrin -roaches are highly resistant 6. Boric acid -good for commercial use 7. Wet pesticide -instant killer 8. Diet -remove source of protein, w/o this it becomes weak 9. Bait stations -use food as bait in food establishments Advantage: -long term, odorless, no translocation, safe |
