Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
57 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Alpha Napphthyl Thiourea (ANTU) Mechanism
|
Increases Permeability of Pulmonary Capillaries
Massive Pulmonary Transudate Decreased Lung Perfusion Anoxia and Death |
|
|
Amitraz (Aracicide) Mechanism
|
Cardio Vascular Collapse
Respiratory Depression α Adrenergic Agonist Monaamine Oxidase (MAO) Inhibitor |
|
|
Anticholinesterase Inscecticide Mechanism
|
Inhibit Acetylcholinesterase
Muscarinic Stimulation Nicotinic Stimulation Parasympathetic Stimulation Sympathetic Stimulation Motor Stimulation Imidacloprid - Only Bind Nicotinic Receptors High Dose Required |
|
|
Anticoagulant Rodenticide Mechanism
|
Competitive Inhibition of Vitamin K Epoxide Reductase
Impairs Carboxylation and Activation of Clotting Factors II, VII, IX, X Lapse of 3 days Before Clotting Times Prolonged Lapse of 4 - 5 days Before Spontaneous Bleeding Any Systemic Decline in Vitamin K Enhances Efficacy via High Fat Diet, Sulfonamides, Drugs That Compete for Protein Binding, Liver Dz, GI Dz |
|
|
Arsenic Mechanism
|
Cellular Respiration Impairment
High Energy Organs Inorganic Chemical Irritation Inorganic Tissue Degeneration Organic Tissue Degeneration |
|
|
Astragalus Group I (Millkvetches) Mechanism
|
Not Defined
Se replaces S Enzyme Impairment |
|
|
Astragalus Group II (Loco) Mechanism
|
Inhibits Saccharide Metabolism
Oligosaccharide Accumulation in Brain and other Organs Interference with Cell Function Generalized Lysosomal Storage Dz |
|
|
Astragalus Group III (Timber Milkvetch) Mechanism
|
Inhibition of Succinate Dehydrogenase TCA Cycle
Decreased Energy Production in Brain and Spinal Cord Muscular Weakness Nitrates to Methemoglobin |
|
|
Autumn Crocus Mechanism
|
Binds to Tubulin
Disrupting microtubule Dependent Processes Impairs Spindle Formation and Intracellular Transport Rapidly Dividing Cells Most Sensitive |
|
|
Bracken Fern Mechanism
|
Non Ruminants
Thiaminase Induced Thiamine Deficiency Ruminants Aplastic Anemia Conversion to Carcinogen in Bladder |
|
|
Castor Bean Mechanism
|
Binds galacto lipid and galcto protein Membrane Components
and is Internalaized CELL DEATH by Inhibition of Protein Synthesis |
|
|
Chlorates (Herbicide) Mechanism
|
Irritant
Methemoglobin Oxidative Damage Strong RBC Membrane Damage Invtravascular Hemolysis |
|
|
Chlorophenols (Fungacide) Mechanism
|
Irritant
Uncouples Oxidative Phosphorylation Inactivates Respiratory Enzymes |
|
|
Cholecalciferol Mechanism
|
Increases Oral Absorption of Calcium
Enhances Calcium Mobilization from Bone Hypercalcemia Impairment of Cardiac Conduction Shortened Q-T Prolonged P-R Metastatic Calcification of Soft Tissue Heart, Kidney, GIT, UTERUS, Vessels |
|
|
Cocklebur Common (Xanthium) Mechanism
|
Inhibition of carrier mediated ADP and ATP Transport Across Mito Membranes
Uncouples Oxidative Phosphorylation |
|
|
Copper Acute Poisoning Mechanism
|
Caustic Gastroenteritis
Severe Shock Glutathione Depletion Methemoglobin via Oxidation of Hemoglobin Hemolysis via formation of Methemoglobin Lipidperoxidation Protein Coagulant Toxic Gastroenteritis Severe Shock |
|
|
Copper Chronic Poisoning Mechanism
|
Glutathione Depletion
Methemoglobin via Oxidation of Hemoglobin Hemolysis via formation of Methemoglobin Lipidperoxidation |
|
|
Datura Stramonium (Jimson Weed) Mechanism
|
Competitive Inhibition of Acetylcholine
Low Dose Impairs Muscarinic Activity |
|
|
Death Camas Mechanism
|
Constriction of Venules
Hypotension via Arteriole Dilation Slows Heart |
|
|
Dinitroorthocresol (Fungacide) Mechanism
|
Uncouples Oxidative Phosphorylation
Inactivates Respiratory Enzymes |
|
|
Dutchman's Breeches (Dicentra) Mechanism
|
Unknown
|
|
|
False Hellebore (Skunk Cabbage) Mechanism
|
Acute Syndrome Unknown
|
|
|
Fiddle Neck or Tansy Ragwort (Senica) Mechanism
|
Hepatic Necrosis,
Bile Duct Proliferation, Hepatic Insufficiency Hepatic Phase I Metabolized to Pyrrole Derivatives Pyrrole Derivatives bind Cellular Macromolecule which are DNA Adducts DNA adducts impair Cell Division Resulting in Hepatcytomegaly producing Cell Death |
|
|
Fluoroacetate 1080 Mechanism
|
Replaces Acetyl CoA in TCA Cycle
Blocks Cycle at Citric Hyperglycemia Increased Lactate Acid Brain and Heart Severely Affected by Energy Deficit |
|
|
Fox Glove (Digitalis) Mechanism
|
Interfere with Na/K ATPase
Decrease Intracellular K and Increased Ca Impairs Myocardial Conduction |
|
|
Ionophores Mechanism
|
Alter Na and K Transport
Intra Cellular Na Increased Intra Celllular K Decreased Also Calcium Impairment of Mitochondria Heart most Susceptable Permanent Damage Don’t be Riding that Horse Again Susceptability Increased via Vit E / Se Deficiency T-2 Toxin Exposure Drugs - Macrolides, Tiamulin, Furazolidone, Neomycin, Sufonamides, Chloramphenicol |
|
|
Iron Mechanism
|
Binds Phosphate
Bone Growth Impairment Cardio Vascular Collapse Shock Death Hemorrhage Impaires Clotting Hepatic Necrosis Membrane Permeability Increased Fluid Loss |
|
|
Japanese Yew Mechanism
|
Disruption of Na and Ca Currents in Myocytes
Myocardial Depolarization Depression Cardiac Arrest |
|
|
Larkspur (Delphinium) Mechanism
|
Curare (non depolarizing) Neuromuscular Blockade
Binds and Blocks Post Synaptic Nicotinic Cholinergic Receptors at NMJ |
|
|
Lead Mechanism
|
Affinity for Macromolecules
Sulfhydryl Groups Imidazole Groups Enzymes Impaired Function GIT Irritation Gastroenteritis Hemopoetic Anemia Iron Intake Decreased RBC Fragility Heme Synthesis Impaired Immunosuppression Antibody Production Decreased Macrophage Function Decreased Kidney Tubular Necrosis Nephritis Fibrosis Hyaline Degeneration Inclusion Bodies Acid Fast Liver Degeneration Mild Clinical Significance Low Mitochondria Cellular Respiration Decreased ATP Production Decreased Musculoskeletal Osteporosis Calcium Replacement Nervous Encephalopathy Capillary Damage Edema Malacia Blindness Reproduction Chromosomal Damage Gameto Toxic Embryotoxic = Abortion Teratogenic Respiratory Aspiration Pneumonia Impaired Swallowing Rumenants |
|
|
Lily of the Valley Mechanism
|
Interfere with Na/K ATPase
Decrease Intracellular K and Increased Ca Impairs Myocardial Conduction |
|
|
Lupine Bluebonnet Mechanism
|
Anagyrine Teratogen
Arthrogryposis Cattle 40 - 70 Days Sheep 30 - 35 Days Nicotinic Alkaloids CNS Stimulation or Depression |
|
|
Mercury Mechanism
|
Inorganic Salts
Corrosive Damage Tissue Necrosis Organic Mercury Metabolic Impairment Degenerative Change |
|
|
Metaldehyde Mechanism
|
Brain Damage
CNS Depression Occasionally 20% CNS Excitation Usually GABA Levels Reduced Irritant GIT Serotonin Levels Reduced |
|
|
Mistletoe Mechanism
|
Phoratoxin
Inhibits Protein Synthesis Viscotoxin Directly Stimulates Smooth and Skeletal Muscles Visucmin Agglutinates RBCs |
|
|
Molybdenum Mechanism
|
Impairs Bone Mineral Metabolism
Defective Bone Development Impairs Copper Storage Reduces Absorption Increases Excretion \ Impairs Phosphorous Absorption Defective Bone Development |
|
|
Monkshood Western Mechanism
|
Inhibits Na/K ATPase
Impairs Myocardial Conduction |
|
|
Organochlorine Insecticides Mechanism
|
CNS Excitation
|
|
|
Oxalate Plants (Philodendron, Caladium, Dumbcane Mechanism
|
Mechanical Irritation from Needle Like Crystals
Proteolytic Enzymes cause Release of Inflammatory Mediators |
|
|
Paraquate (Herbicide) Mechanism
|
Lipid Peroxidation
Cellular Damage Cellular Process Impairment Lung Tissue Specifically Attacked Reduces O2 to Superoxide Anion O2- Free Radical Formation |
|
|
Phenoxy Derivatives (Herbicide) Mechanism
|
Decreased Ribonuclease Synthesis
Muscle Membrane Damage Uncouples Oxidative Phosphorylation |
|
|
Poinsetta Mechanism
|
Mild GI Irritation
|
|
|
Ponderosa or Western Yellow Pine Mechanism
|
Unknown
|
|
|
Pyrethrin Pyrethroids (Aracicide) Mechanism
|
Binds GABA
Sodium Channels Impaired Decreased Ion Fluxes |
|
|
Rhododendron (asaleas, laurels) Mechanism
|
Binds and Modifes Na Channels
Na Influx results in Prolonged Myocardial Depolarization Increased Intracellular Ca als Digitalis |
|
|
Rotenone (Acaricide) Mechanism
|
Uncouples Oxidative Phosphorylation
|
|
|
Salt Poisoning Mechanism
|
Restricted Water produces rise in blood and brain Na []
High Brain Na [] inhibits glycolysis necessary for Active Transport of Na out of CSF Sodium is Trapped in Brain Restoration of Water results in Decreased Blood Na [] Osmotic Flow of Water into CSF High Brain Na [] Prevents Export of Na via Energy Impairment Water Keeps coming in from plasma Brain Edema |
|
|
Selenium Mechanism
|
Deficiency
Cell Membrane Damage Antioxidant Action Excess Cell Membrane Damage Lipidperoxidation Action ATP Impairment Irritant |
|
|
St. Johnswort (Hypericum perforatum) Mechanism
|
Photosensitivity Reaction
Lightly Pigmented Skin |
|
|
Strychnine Mechanism
|
Antagonizes Glycine Competitively
Spinal Cord and Medulla Excessive Neurological Excitation Post Synaptic Inhibition Impairment Level of Spinal Cord Potassium Ion Gate Alteration Motor Neuron Excitability |
|
|
Sulfur (Fungacide) Mechanism
|
Irritant
|
|
|
Thiram (Fungacide) Mechanism
|
Hepatotoxin
Skin Irritant |
|
|
Urea Mechanism
|
Ammonia Inhibits TCA Cycle
Compensatory Glycolysis Elevates Blood Glucose and Lactic Acid Inhibition of Energy results in Release of Intracellular K Cardio Toxicity Irritant Especially Lungs Urease Enzyme produced by rumenal microflora convert urea to ammonia Excess production or decreased conversion back to urea by liver results in Increased Ammonia Levels |
|
|
Water Hemlock Western Mechanism
|
Uncertain - Neurotoxin
|
|
|
Yellow Start Thistle (Centauria Solstitialis) Mechanism
|
Destroys Dopaminergic Nigrostriatal Pathway I
Impacts Coordination and Inhibition of CN V, VII, IX Loss of Neuronal Connections results in Ischemic Necrosis Substantia Nigra and Globus Pallidus ala Parkinsons |
|
|
Zinc Mechanism
|
Immune Dysfunction
Hapten Induced Hemolysis Oxidative Damage DIC |
|
|
Zinc Phosphide Mechanism
|
Inhibition of Cytochrome C Oxidase
Irritant |
