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32 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Arthropods
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Open circulatory system
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Annelids
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Closed circulatory system
Cells not in direct contact with external environment |
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Humans
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Aorta - blood is pumped here, and it branches out into arteries
Arteries branch into arterioles and then into small capillaries |
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Right side of the heart
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Pumps deoxygenated blood into pulmonary circulation (toward lungs)
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Left side of the heart
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Pumps oxygenated blood into systemic circulation (throughtout body)
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Atria
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-Upper two chambers of the heart.
-thin walled |
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Ventricles
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-Lower two chambers of the heart
-Very muscular |
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Atrioventricular valves
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-Located between the atria and ventricles on both sides of the heart.
-prevents backflow of blood into the atria. |
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Tricuspid Valve
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-Valve on right side of the heart (from right atrium to right ventricle)
-Has three cusps |
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Mitral Valve
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-Valve on Left side of heart(from left atrium to left ventricle)
-has two cusps |
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Semilunar valves
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-Located between the left ventricle and the aorta and between the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery.
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Systole
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Period of the heartbeat where the ventricles contract.
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Diastole
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Period of the heartbeat during which the cardiac muscle relaxes and blood drains into all four chambers.
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Cardiac Output
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Total volume of blood the left ventricle pumps out per minute.
= heart rate (# beats per minute) X stroke volume (volume of blood pumped out of the left ventricle per contraction) |
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Sinoatrial (SA) node
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where the cardiac contraction originates in, and is regulated by.
it is found in the wall of the right atrium |
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Atrioventricular (AV) node
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The impulse from the SA node arrives, and conducts slowly, allowing time for all the chambers to fill with blood.
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Bundle of His (AV bundle)
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The impulse from the AV node. The impulse branches into the right and left bundle branches.
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Purkinje fibers
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Impulse comes from the bundle of HIS, and generates a strong contraction.
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Three types of blood vessels
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1. Arteries
2. Veins 3. Capillaries |
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Arteries
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-Thick walled, muscular, elastic vessels.
-Transport oxygenated blood away from heart. (Pulmonary arteries transort deoxygenated blood from heart to lungs) |
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Veins
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-Thinly walled, inelastic vessels
-Transport deoxygenated blood towards the heart (pulmonary veins carry oxygenated blood from lungs to heart) |
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Capillaries
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-Have smallest diameter of all the vessels
Respiratory gases, nutrients, enzymes, hormones, and wastes can readily diffuse. |
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Lymphatic system
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Secondary circulatory system.
They transport interstitial fluid (lymph) keeping fluid vessels constant in the body. |
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3 components of blood
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1. Erythrocytes
2. leukocytes 3. Platelets |
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Erythrocytes
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-red blood cells
-Formed in the bone marrow |
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Leukocytes
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-B and T cells
-Act as protective cells Involved in phagocytosis of foreign matter, immune response, production of antibodies (B cells), and cytolysis of infected cells (T cells) |
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Platelets
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Involved in clot formation
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Clotting
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-Platelts come into contact with exposed collagen: release chemical to cause neighboring platelets to adhere to one another.
-Platelets and damaged tissue release thromboplastin -Thromboplastin, with help from calcium and vitamin K, converts prothrombin (inactive plasma protein) into thrombin. -Thrombin converts fibrinogen into fibrin. -Fibrin threads coat damaged area and form clot. |
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A type blood
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Antigen: A
Antibody: anti-B Can Donate to: A and AB Can Receive From: A and O |
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B type blood
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Antigen: B
Antibody: anti-A Can Donate To: B and AB Can Receive From B and O |
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AB type blood
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Antigen: A and B
Antibody: None Can Donate To: AB only Can Receive From: Universal Acceptor |
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O type blood
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Antigen: None
Antibody: anti A and anti B Can Donate To: Universal Donor Can Receive From: O only |
