Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
50 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
|
Spider telangiectasia
|
Dilated small vessel surrounded by radiating fine channels
Associated with hyperestrinism (seen in liver dz and pregnancy) |
|
|
|
Another name for hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia
|
Osler-Weber-Rendu syndrome
|
|
|
|
What is hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia?
|
Autosomal dominant condition
localized dilation and convolution of venules and capillaries of skin and mucous membranes Complicated by epistaxis adn GI bleeding |
|
|
|
What is hemangioma?
|
Malformation of larger BV filled with blood
Most common tumor of infancy --> Port wine stain birthmarks |
|
|
|
Capillary hemangioma
Location |
tangle of closely packed capillary channels seen in skin, subQ tissue, lips, liver, spleen, and kidney
|
|
|
|
Cavernous hemangioma
Location Who Component of what other dz Histology |
Large cavernous vascular spaces in the spleen, liver, pancreas, and brain
Can occur in von Hippel Lindau dz Often seen inchildren Microscopically: Huge dilated spaces lined with stroma |
|
|
|
Mode of transmission of von Hippel-Lindau disease
What else is this dz associated with? Features of this dz |
Autosomal dominant
Renal cell carcinoma Component of cavernous hemangioma Hemangioblastoma of cerebellum , brain stem and retina Adenomas and cysts are also common in liver, kidney, and pancreas |
|
|
|
Glomangioma
|
Small purplish painful subungual nodule in finger or to e
|
|
|
|
Cystic hygroma
|
cavernnous lymphangioma that occurs in neck or axilla
|
|
|
|
Lymphangioma
Location Gross appearance Microscopic appearance |
In head, neck, axilllary subQ tissue
Grossly: Cutaneous nodules/pedunculated lesions/well demarcated compressible pink grey masses Microscopically: Networks of EC lined spaces. Contain no RBCs |
|
|
|
Hemangioendothelioma
Behavior and histology |
Behavior is between malignant and benign
Ascular channels with masses and sheets of pleiomorphic spindle shaped large plump cells of endothelial origin |
|
|
|
Hemangiopericytoma
Behavior and location |
Behavior is between malignant and benign
Arise in lower extremities adn retroperitoneum |
|
|
|
Hemangiosarcoma
Behavior, histology, location |
Most malignant
Very rare small, well-demarcated nodules --> large fleshy gray-white soft tissue Occurs in skin, musculoskeletal system, breast and/or liver |
|
|
|
What are risk factors for hemangiosarcoma
|
Arsenic
Thorium dioxide (thorostat) PVC (associated with angiosarcoma of the liver) Can also occur in setting of chronic lymphedema (ex: 10 yrs after radical mastectomy for breast CA. Tumor arises from dilated lymphatic vessels) Also caused by chronic indwelling of foreign objects |
|
|
|
4 types of KS and who gets it
|
Classic KS- Ashkenazi Jews/Mediterraneans
Endemic (African) KS- young African men and children; 10% of all cancers in Africa; restricted to lymph nodes Epidemic KS- AIDS, esp homosexual males; caused by KS herpesvirus. Lesions in skin, mucous membranes, LN, GI, viscera Transplant KS- transplant pts (who are immunosuppressed). Cutaneous and visceral involvement. Stops if immunosuppressants are stopped |
|
|
|
Characteristics of polyarteritis nodosa
|
Necrotizing immune complex inflammation of small and medium sized arteries
Arterial media and internal elastic lamella are destroyed --> aneurysmal nodules |
|
|
|
What is associated with polyarteritis nodosa?
|
HBV
|
|
|
|
Clincal manifestations of polyarteritis nodosa?
|
Fever
Weight-loss Malaise Abdominal pain HA Myalgia HTN ARthritis Ischemic heart dz |
|
|
|
Where can polyarteritis nodosa occur
|
kidneys
coronary arteries musculoskeleta system GI tract CNS, PNS Eye Skin |
|
|
|
What is elevated in polyarteritis nodosa
|
P-ANCA
(serum AB to neutrophilic myeloperoxidase) |
|
|
|
Most common cause of death from polyarteritis nodosa
|
renal lesions and HTN
|
|
|
|
Churg-Strauss syndrome
Location Clinical manifestations |
Necrotizing vascuitis (considered a variant on polyarteritis nodosa)
Involvement of pulmonary vasculature Marked peripheral eosinophilia Clnical manifestations of asthma |
|
|
|
What is elevated in Churg-Strauss syndrome
|
P-ANCA
|
|
|
|
Microscopic polyangitis
|
Distinct from PAN by involvement of small BV (PAN is small and medium sized BV)
Lesions all at same histological stage Acute inciting event --> immune complexes in previously sensitized host Lesions can be only in skin, or can combine lung, brain, heart, and kidney |
|
|
|
Histology of mcroscopic polyangitis
|
fibrinoid necrosis
Affected BV may show only fragmented neutrophilic nuclei around and within small BV walls |
|
|
|
Histology of PAN?
Acute lesions Healing lesions Healed lesions |
Acute lesions are well-demarcated, induce thrombosis --> distal ischemic injury
Healing lesions show fibroblast proliferation superimposed on ongoing fibrinoid necrosis Healed lesions show marked fibrotic thickening of arteries with elastic lamina fragmentation and sometimes aneurysmal dilation |
|
|
|
Hypersensitivity vasculitis
|
Immune complex mediated vasculitides with acute inflammation of small BV
Lesions are all the same age |
|
|
|
Clinical features of hypersensitivity vasculitis
|
palpable purpura when skin is involved
can also involve glomeruli or GI tract |
|
|
|
Causes of hypersensitivity vasculitis
|
drugs
food infectious organisms complication of systemic illness (CT d/o or malignancy) |
|
|
|
Dinstinctive syndromes seen in hyperesensitivity vasculitis
|
Henoch-Schonlein purpura
Serum sickness |
|
|
|
Henoch-Schonlein purpura
|
Common in young kids
hemorrhagic urticaria of extensor surfaces of arms, legs, buttocks Fever, arthraliga, GI and renal involvement are all common CAn sometimes be post-streptococcal Associated with antecedent upper respiratory infections |
|
|
|
Serum sickness
|
Deposition of Ag-AB complexes in heart, joints, and kidneys
|
|
|
|
Wegener granulomatosis
Etiology Characteristics Affected organs |
Unknown
necrotizing granulomatous vasculitis of small and medium sized vessels Respiratory tract, kidneys |
|
|
|
Clinical features of Wegener granulomatosis
|
Respiratory tract signs and symptoms
Paranasal sinuses and lungs are especially affected Necrotizing glomerulonephritis |
|
|
|
histology of WEgener granulomatosis
|
Fibrinoid necrosis of small arteries and veins
Granuloma formation with giant cells prominent |
|
|
|
Marker for Wegener granulomatosis
|
C-ANCA
|
|
|
|
Giant Cell arteritides
|
Seen in medium to large sized arteries
Characterized by granuloma formation with giant cells and infiltrates of mononuclear cells, neutrophils, eosinophils |
|
|
|
2 types of giant cell arteriritis
|
Temporal arteritis
Takayasu arteritis |
|
|
|
Temporal arteritis
|
most frequently occurring vasculitis
Systemic Common in elderly Most commonly affects branches of carotid artery (esp temporal artery) |
|
|
|
Clinical manifestations of temporal arteritis
|
malaise
fatigue HA Jaw claudication Tenderness Absent pulse Palpable nodules along course of involved artery visual impairment polymyalgia rheumatica Elevated ESR |
|
|
|
Polymyalgia rheumatica
|
Component of temporal arteritis
proximal muscle pain Periarticular pain morning stiffness |
|
|
|
Takayasu arteritis
|
inflammation and stenosis of medium and large sized arteries
Aortic arch and branches are frequently involved |
|
|
|
Clinical features of Takayasu arteritis
|
Absent pulses in carotid, radial, or ulnar arteries
Fever, night sweats, malaise, myalgia, arthritis Eye problems Painful skin nodules |
skin?
|
|
|
Another name for Kawasaki Dz
|
Mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome
|
|
|
|
What is Kawasaki Dz?
|
Acute, self limited ilness of infants and children
Acute necrotizing vasculitis of small and medium sized BV |
|
|
|
Clinical features of Kawasaki dz
What can it lead to? |
Fever
emorrhagic edema of conjunctivae, lips, and oral mucosa Cervical lymphadenopathy Coronary artery vasculitis with aneurysm formation |
|
|
|
Another name for Buerger dz
|
Thromboangiitis obliterans
|
|
|
|
What is Buerger dz?
Population Risk factor |
Acute inflammation involving small and medium sized arteries of extremities
Extends to adjacent veins and nerves Jewish population, young men Cigarette smoking |
|
|
|
Clinical features of Buerger dz?
Histologic features of Buerger dz? |
Painful ischemia --> gangrene
Neutrophilic abscesses Mural thrombi with giant cell formation Late lesions show organiziation and recanalization |
|
|
|
Lymphomatoid granulomatosis
|
rare grnulomatous vasculitis
Infiltration by atypical lymphocytoid and plasmacytoid cells Chronic inflammatory condition --> lymphoproiliferative neoplasm (T-cell non-hodgkin's lymphoma) |
|
