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74 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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how does the tunica media differ in a vein vs. an artery?
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arteries tunica media is thicker and stronger than a vein in order to contain the high blood pressure of the blood of the arterial system.
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which vessels have valves within theM
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veins
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define vasoconstriction
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narrowing of a blood vessel when a blood vessel constricts, blood flow is restricted
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vasodialation
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dialation of a blood vessel causing increased blood flow within it
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metaarteriole
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directo connection btw arteries and veins
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what is the first sonographic branch of the abdominal aorta, and does it come off anteriorly or laterially?
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the celac axis, comes off anteriorly
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what are the 3 branches of the celiac axis, and descrie the route that each takes to it's respective organs.
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splenic artery-Comes off to the left, and travels along the superior border of the pancreas. It supplies the spleen, and pancreas.
hepatic artery-Comes off to the right. IT is lateral and anterior the the main portal vein. It supplies the left lobe Lt gastric artery-travels supreior and to the left. It supplies the stomach and esophagus |
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What is the 2nd sonographically visible branch of the abdominal aorta?
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SMA:
-supplies most of the small intestine, cecum, ascending colon, transvers colon -branches off the aorta anteriorly -travels osterior the pancreativ body and courses laterally |
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Which vessels lie btw the sma and aorta?
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The left renal vein.
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Which vessel is found posterior to the IVC?
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right renal artery
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Do renal arteries come off the aorta anteriorly, or laterally?
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laterally
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Are the renal arteries anterior or posterior to their respective veins
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posterior
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What 2 arteries does the aorta bifercate into?
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the common iliac arteries.
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Describe the relationship of the IVC and AO?
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They run parallel to eachother, and the IVC is posterior the and to the right of the ao.
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Which vessels make up the portal vein?
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SMV, IMV, and Splenic vein.
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Describe the course of the veins that make up the portal vein
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SMV-Drains blood from the small intestine, and portions of the large intestine, stomach, and pancreas
-IMV-passes into the splenic vein, and drains a portion of the lg. intestine. -splenic vein-drains blood from the spleen, pancreas, stomach, and part of the lg. intestine. |
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what is the proper way to measure vessels?
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outer to outer
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What 4 questions should a sonographer ask himself when evaluating a vessel?
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is the size normal
is it in the right spot? is the vessel patent? is the motion normal |
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What is the ultrasound appearence of the AO?
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PROX-2cm
DIS-1.5 cm |
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How may we manipulate a patient in order to visualize the AO better?
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as the patient to turn to a right lateral decubitus position
-apply more pressure(to push gas out of the way) |
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What is the valsalva maneuver?
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patient hols their breath, and "bears down". This initially causes the IVC to decrese in size, but it will eventually increase.
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Describe the sonographic appearance of the IVC
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hockey shaped appearance
hypoechoic within the lumen |
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what is the normal relationship btw the splenic vein and SMA?
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THe splenic vein is anterior, and runs perpendicular to the SMA
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What is the normal relationship btw the SMV and the SMA
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run parallel to eachother; The SMA is to the left of the SMV
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What is the relationship btw the hepatic artery and the portal vein?
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anterior to the portal vein.
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where is the HA in relation to the head of the pancreas?
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superior to the head of the pancreas
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where is the spleic artery in relation to the tail of the pancreas
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it is superior to the tail of the pancreas
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where is the SMA in relation to the the body of the pancreas and splenic vein.
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The SMA is posterior to the body of the pancreas, and splenic vein.
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Where is the SMA in relation to the aorta?
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the SMA is anterior to the aorta
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Compare the location of the IVC with the RRA
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the RRA is posterior to the IVC
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Describe the course of the veins that make up the portal vein
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SMV-Drains blood from the small intestine, and portions of the large intestine, stomach, and pancreas
-IMV-passes into the splenic vein, and drains a portion of the lg. intestine. -splenic vein-drains blood from the spleen, pancreas, stomach, and part of the lg. intestine. |
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what is the proper way to measure vessels?
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outer to outer
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What 4 questions should a sonographer ask himself when evaluating a vessel?
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is the size normal
is it in the right spot? is the vessel patent? is the motion normal |
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What is the ultrasound appearence of the AO?
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PROX-2cm
DIS-1.5 cm |
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How may we manipulate a patient in order to visualize the AO better?
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as the patient to turn to a right lateral decubitus position
-apply more pressure(to push gas out of the way) |
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What is the valsalva maneuver?
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patient hols their breath, and "bears down". This initially causes the IVC to decrese in size, but it will eventually increase.
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Describe the sonographic appearance of the IVC
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hockey shaped appearance
hypoechoic within the lumen |
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what is the normal relationship btw the splenic vein and SMA?
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THe splenic vein is anterior, and runs perpendicular to the SMA
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What is the normal relationship btw the SMV and the SMA
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run parallel to eachother; The SMA is to the left of the SMV
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What is the relationship btw the hepatic artery and the portal vein?
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anterior to the portal vein.
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where is the HA in relation to the head of the pancreas?
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superior to the head of the pancreas
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where is the spleic artery in relation to the tail of the pancreas
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it is superior to the tail of the pancreas
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where is the SMA in relation to the the body of the pancreas and splenic vein.
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The SMA is posterior to the body of the pancreas, and splenic vein.
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Where is the SMA in relation to the aorta?
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the SMA is anterior to the aorta
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Compare the location of the IVC with the RRA
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the RRA is posterior to the IVC
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Compare the splenic vein to the tail of the pancreas
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the splenic vein is posterior to the tail of the pancreas
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compare the SMV to the SMA
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the SMV is parallel, and to the right of the SMA
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compare the LRV to the aorta and SMA
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the LRV is anterior to the aorta, and posterior to the SMA
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where is the portal triad found found in relation to the epiploic foramen?
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the portal triad is to the right of the epiploic foramen
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What is the relationship of the left subphrenic space to the spleen
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the left subphrenic space is superior to the spleen
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What are chylous ascites?
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Ascites containing lymph
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What makes up the portal confluence?
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splenic vein, SMV, IMV
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What is the longest branch of the Celiac axis?
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the splenic artery
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What are the walls of vessels from inner to outer?
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tunica intima
comective tissue tunica media tunica adventicia |
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what is the difference btw and artery and vein
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arteries:
-intima is smooth and valveless -media is well developed Vein: -intima contains valves(tips point towards the heart) -less developed media |
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what is the vasa vasorum?
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blood suply and drainage neetwork for blood vessels found within the adventicia.
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what are capillaries?
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small vessels whose walls contain a single layer of epithelium, and substances can readily pass through them. THis allows for exchange of gases, nutrients, and wastes.
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What are metarterioles?
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a channel directly btw an arteriole and a venule that causes blood to bypass the capillary system.
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which renal artery is longer then the other?
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The Right Renal artery is longer than the Left
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Where does the RRA travel comparted to the RRV
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THe right renal artery travels posterior to the right renal vein
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Where do ovarian arteries arize from?
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the posterior aspect of the aorta
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Where do lumbar arteries arize from?
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the posterior aspect of the aorta(there are usually 4 on each side)
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what is the medial sacral artery?
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small branch just before the Aortic bifercation(not routinely visible on ultrasound)
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which vessels enter the rt atrium of the heart?
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the SVC, and IVC
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what are the branches of the IVC in order from origin?
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Right gonadal, Renal, adrenal, hepatic
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what does the portal venous system drain?
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blood from bowel and spleen
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Where do portal veins carry blood?
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from the intestines to the liver.
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what is the arterial supply to the gallbladder via?
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the cystic artery
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T/F the portal vein drains blood out of the kidneys?
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false
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what vessel passes anterior to the uncinate process?
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the SMV
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What vessel arises from the anterior aortic wall, and takees a parallel course to the aorta?
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the SMA
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What vascular structure courses btw the aorta and SMA?
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the left renal vein.
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Where do renal arteries branch off of the aorta/
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from the lateral wall inferior to the SMA.
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Which vascular structure, arising from the celiac trunk passes anterior to the portal vein to enter the liver at the poarta hepatis?
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the hepatic artery
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