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45 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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roles and responsibility of a nurse for diagnostic tests |
-know the indications of the test specific to your pt. -providing the pt./family with pre-test, intra-test, and post test information -ensure tests are carried out properly to ensure accuracy and reliability of test -always ensure puts safety |
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responsibility when the lab values are abnormal |
-communicate significant results to the physician -collab. with other HCP to interior result and related action -analyze results/result trends -relate the result to the pats condition -determine cause and appropriate actions -evaluate in collab. with physican what further testing may be required and when
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what are some reference values? |
-age -gender specific variation -pathophysiology can affect test results |
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critical values |
-finding may be life threatening -each facility has a protocol for reporting |
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CBC includes |
WBC RBC HGB HCT MCV RDW Plalets |
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differential (diff) include |
Neut Eosino Baso Lympocytes Mono |
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Electrolytes (lytes) includes |
Na K CL CO2 Anion GP |
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KIDNEY FUNCTION |
BUN CR GFR |
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LIVER FUNCTION TEST (LFT) |
AMYLASE ALT GGT ALK PHOS AST BILIRUBIN AMMONIA ALBUMIN |
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COAGULATION |
PT PPT INR |
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WBC normal values |
5-10 X 10^9/L |
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why is WBC ordered |
routine assessment; infectionl inflammation;blood or bone marrow disorders; monitor treatments that affect WBC count infection;prn |
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RBC |
M: 4.7-5.14 F: 4.2-5.4 |
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RBC why is it ordered? |
suspected anemia; polycythemia; routine;prn |
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Hbg normal values |
M: 8-11 F: 7.4-9.9 |
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why is hbg ordered ? |
suspected anemia; polycythemia; routine;prn |
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MRI |
magnetic resonance imaging |
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MRI why is it ordered |
best dx took for imaging of organs, soft tissues, bones |
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risk and benefits for MRI |
-allergry to contrast dye -non-invasive -no radiation -best of pregnant |
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nursing considerations for MRI |
-screen for allergies -jewellry and piercing removed -kidney disease -pace maker, cochlear implant other metal implants |
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MRA |
Magnetic resonance angiography |
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Why is MRA ordered |
iagnosticof blood vessel disorders, diseases, obstructions throughout the body (can detectaneurysms, atherosclerosis); used to plan and evaluate stent and bypassprocedures
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mra risks and benefits |
Mayinvolve IV gadolinium contrast dye; no radiation;
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MRA nursing considerations |
importantto lie still during test. Screen for allergy to contrast dye,kidney disease; no jewellery/remove piercings, removable dental work or metals;caution with claustrophobia; notify in advance if has pacemaker, cochlearimplant, other metal implants may require 6 weeks post-insertion; advise aboutmedical conditions, pregnancy, allergies |
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CT/CAT scan |
computerized axial tomography |
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why is CT/CAT scan ordered? |
iagnosticimaging in cross section; better detail/precision than MRI for tumours,vascular problems, IBS, MVAs, cancer, kidney failure, PE, AAA, to guidebiopsy/radiation tx etc
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risk and benefits CT/CAT scans |
non-invasive;uses radiation; may require IV contrast dye; less sensitive to movement thanMRI; cost effective
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nursing considerations for CT/CAT scans |
importantto lie still during test. Screen for allergy to contrast dye,kidney disease; no jewellery/remove piercings, removable dental work or metals;caution with claustrophobia; notify in advance if has pacemaker, cochlearimplant, other metal implants may require 6 weeks post-insertion; advise aboutmedical conditions, pregnancy, allergies |
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x-ray why is it ordered |
pneumonia,emphysema, cancer, diagnostic imaging/investigation of dense tissues such asbones (spinal compression fractures), or may show areas of dense tissue such asa breast cancer tumour |
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X-ray risk and benefits |
on-invasive;uses radiation; not all tumours will show; will not show PE |
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xray nursing considerations |
Mayneed to remove jewellery, glasses, metal objects; must inform if pregnant |
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biopsy why is it ordered? |
removalof tissue for assessment (excised or needle biopsy); to diagnosedisorders/diseases of almost any tissue by histological examination; CT, US,MRI maybe used to guide biopsy procedure |
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biopsy risks and benefits |
mayneed to be repeated if insufficient sample is taken; |
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biopsy nursing considerations |
mayrequire an IV sedation/local anesthetic; advise about current meds/herbalproducts, allergies; possible NPO |
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ECG/EKG |
electrocardiogram |
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ECG/EKG why is it ordered |
Onlyreads electrical events present at the time of test - to assess cardiacfunction; arrhythmia; cardiac hypertrophy; ischemia; site and extent of MI;pacemaker performance |
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ECG/EKG risks and benefits |
none |
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ECG/EKG |
avoid moving; there is no discomfort |
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HDL normal range |
M: >1.0mmol/L F: >1.3 mmol/L |
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LDL normal range |
M: <2.59 mmol/L F: <1.82 mmol/L |
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Why is LDL and HDL ordered ? |
risk for cardiac disease |
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Potassium normal range |
3.5-5.0 mmol/L |
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Why order potassium |
arrhythmia/ cardiac muscle dysfunction; hypertension; kidney disease; electrolyte imbalance |
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Sodium normal value |
135-145 mmol/l |
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why is sodium ordered |
electrolyte imbalance; edema or dehydration admission; routine; prn |
