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15 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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Relationships within research can:
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Explain the nature of the world through patterns and connections
Must have variables to observe them |
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What is a variable?
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A variation within a class of objects
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What is a constant?
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A characteristic with no variations within a class of objects.
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Why are variables chosen?
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They are suspected to be related.
The possible relationships will help explain certain phenomena |
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Quantitive Variables
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Exist in some degree along a continuum
Assign numbers for "how much" Can often be subdivided infinitely |
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Categorical Variables
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Does not vary in degree, amount, or quantity, but are qualitatively different
There is no middle ground or in-between measurement |
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Independent Variables
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What the researcher studies to see its relationship or effects.
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Presumed or possible cause
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Dependent Variable
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What is being influenced or affected by the independent variable
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Presumed results
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Manipulated Variables
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A changes condition the researcher creates during a study also known as an experimental or treatment variables
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Selected Variables
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An independent variable that already exists
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Moderator Variables
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Type of independent variables
Selected to determine if it affects (modifies)the basic relationship between the primary independent variable ad the dependent variable |
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Extraneous Variables
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1. Independent Variables that have not been controlled
2. Considered a basic problem in research 3. The task is to control these variables by reducing or eliminating their effects 4. A method to control extraneous variables is to hold them constant |
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Hypothesis
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A prediction regarding the possible outcome of a study
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Directional hypothesis
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The researcher indicates the specific direction that he or she expects will emerge in a relationship in the study
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The direction is based on what the researcher has found from:
1. literature 2. Personal experiences 3. Experience from others |
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Non-Directional Hypotheses
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When there is no specific prediction about what direction the outcome of a study will take.
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Sometimes it is difficult to make specific predictions upon a study: A study may state that it would point to non-specific directions vs. distinct possibilities.
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