Vbms601 Bones Of The Pelvic Limb

Front 1

PELVIC GIRDLE (PELVIS)

Back 1

It consists of two hip bones, which are united by the physis pelvis midventrally and joint the sacrum dorsally

Front 2

OS COXAE (HIP BONES)

Back 2

It is formed by the fusion of three primary bones and the addition of a fourth in early life- Ilium, Ischium, Pubis, Acetabular bone

Front 3

ACETABULUM

Back 3

It is the socket that is formed where the Ilium, Ischium, and Pubis meet. It receives the head of the femur in the formation of the hip joint

Front 4

ACETABULAR BONE

Back 4

It is the small bone which helps form the acetabulum that is incorporated with the ilium, ischium, and pubis when they fuse

Front 5

PELVIC CANAL

Back 5

It is short ventrally, but long dorsally. Its lateral wall is composed of the ilium, ischium and pubis. Dorsolateral to the skeletal part of the wall, the pelvic canal is bound by soft tissue

Front 6

PELVIC INLET

Back 6

It is limited laterally and ventrally by the arcuate line of the ilium. Its dorsal boundary is the promontory of the sacrum

Front 7

PELVIC OUTLET

Back 7

It is bound ventrally by the ischiatic arch (formed by the concave border of the two ischii); mid dorsally by the first caudal vertebra; and laterlly by the superficial gluteal muscle, muscles of the pelvic diaphragm, and the sacrotuberous ligament

Front 8

ILIUM

Back 8

It is a flat bone presenting two surfaces and three borders, forms the cranial one half to three fifths of the os coxae. It can be divided into a wide cranial part, which is concave laterally and known as the wing, and a narrow, laterally compressed caudal part, the body

Front 9

ILIAC CREST

Back 9

It is the cranial border of the os coxae. It is arciform and roughened. It is thin but gradually increases in thickness dorsally.

Front 10

TUBER COXAE

Back 10

It is composed of the cranial ventral iliac spine and the adjacent part of the ventral border of the wing of the ilium. The rest of the ventral border is concave. It ends in the lateral area for the rectus femoris just cranial to the aetabulum

Front 11

CRANIAL DORSAL ILIAC SPINE

Back 11

It is an obtuse angle that is a rounded prominence formed by the junction of the dorsal border of the ilium with the iliac crest

Front 12

CAUDAL DORSAL ILIAC SPINE

Back 12

It lies cuadal to the cranial dorsal iliac spine. It is wide but blunt

Front 13

TUBER SACRALE OF THE ILIUM

Back 13

These are the two spines and itnervenign bone which occupy nearly half the lenght of the dorsal border of the ilium

Front 14

GREATER ISCHIATIC NOTCH OF THE ILIUM

Back 14

It is the caudal concave border of the tuber sacrale

Front 15

GLUTEAL SURFACE OF THE ILIUM

Back 15

It is the external surface of the wing of the ilum. It lies nearly flat caudally and concave cranially, where it is limited by the iliac crest. The dorsal part of this concave area is bounded by a heavy ridge, the tuber sacrale. The gluteal surface is rough ventrocranially. The middle gluteal and a portion of the deep gluteal attach here

Front 16

SACROPELVIC SURFACE

Back 16

It is the internal surface of the wing of the ilium. It presents a smooth, nearly flat area that provides attachment for the iliocostalis, longissiums, and the quadratus lumborum m.

Front 17

AURICULAR SURFACE OF THE ILIUM

Back 17

It is a rough surface that articulates with a similiar surface of the sacrum, forming the sacroiliac joint.

Front 18

ARCUATE LINE OF THE ILIUM

Back 18

It is located along the ventromedial edge of the sacropelvic surface of the body of the ilium and runs from the auricular surface to the iliopubic eminence of the pubis. The tendon of the psoas minor attaches along the medial aspect of this line

Front 19

ISCHIUM

Back 19

It consists of tuberosity, body, table and ramus. It forms the caudal part of the os coxae and enters into the formation of the acetabulum, obturator foramen, and symphysis pelvis. Its caudal border consists of the ischiatic tuberosity laterally and one half of the ischiatic arch medially

Front 20

ISCHIATIC TUBEROSITY

Back 20

It is the thick caudolateral margin of the ischium. The lateral angle of the tuber is enlarged and hooked; it furnishes attachment for the sacrotuberous ligament. The medial angle is rounded. The ventral suface is the place of origin for the biceps femoris, semitendinosus, and semimembranosus. The crus of the penis and its surrounding muscle also attach medially

Front 21

BODY OF THE ISCHIUM

Back 21

It is the part lateral to the obturator formaen

Front 22

ISCHIATIC SPINE

Back 22

It is a rounded crest dorsal to the acetabulum, where the body of the ischium meets the ilium. The coccygeus attaches here

Front 23

LESSER ISCHIATIC NOTCH

Back 23

It is depressed and marked by a series of low ridges produced by the tendon of the internal obturator caudal to the ischiatic spine.

Front 24

RAMUS OF THE ISCHIUM

Back 24

It is the thin and wide medial part of the ischium

Front 25

ISCHIATIC TABLE

Back 25

It is the flat portion where the ramus meets the body

Front 26

ISCHIATIC ARCH

Back 26

It is formed by the medial portion of the caudal border of each ischium

Front 27

PUBIS

Back 27

It extends from the ilium and ischium laterally tot the symphysis medially and consists of a body and two rami

Front 28

BODY OF THE PUBIS

Back 28

It is located cranial to the obturator foramen

Front 29

CRANIAL RAMUS OF THE PUBIS

Back 29

It extends from the body to the ilium and enters into the formation of the acetabulum

Front 30

CAUDAL RAMUS OF THE PUBIS

Back 30

It fuses with the ischial ramus at the middle of the pelvic symphysis. The ventral surface of the pubis and adjacent ischial ramus serve as origin for the gracilis, adductor, and the external obturator. The dorsal surface gives rise to a small part of the internal obturator and the levator ani

Front 31

OBTURATOR SULCUS

Back 31

It is a groove for the obturator nerve located at the cranial end of the obturator foramen and passes dorsally over the pelvic surface of the body of the bone

Front 32

ILIOPUBIC EMINENCE

Back 32

It projects from the cranial border of the cranial ramus of the pubic bone. The pectineus attaches here

Front 33

PUBIC TUBERCLE

Back 33

It projects cranially from the pubis on the midline

Front 34

PECTEN OF THE PUBIS

Back 34

It is the roughened cranial border of the pubis between the iliopubic eminence and the pubic tubercle where the abdominal muscles attach b means of a prepubic tendon

Front 35

ACETABULAR NOTCH

Back 35

It is where the circumference of the articular surface of the acetabulum is broken at the caudomedial part. The fossa and the notch are the nonarticular parts of the acetabulum. The two sides of the notch are connected by the transverse acetabular ligament

Front 36

ACETABULAR FOSSA

Back 36

It is formed by the ischium and the acetavular bone. The fossa and the notch are the nonarticular parts of the acetabulum. The two sides of the notch are connected by the transverse acetabular ligament

Front 37

OBTURATOR FORAMEN

Back 37

It is closed in life by the obturator membrane and the external and internal obturator muscles

Front 38

HEAD OF THE FEMUR

Back 38

It is the proximal extremity that on its medial side is smooth and nearly hemispherical.

Front 39

FOVEA CAPITIS FEMORIS

Back 39

It is the the small shallow fossa that begins near the middle of the head. The ligament of the head of the femur attaches here

Front 40

NECK OF FEMUR

Back 40

It attaches the head to the medial part of the proximal extremity of the femur

Front 41

GREATER TROCHANTER OF FEMUR

Back 41

Located directly lateral to the head, it is the largest eminence of the proximal extremity. The middle gluteal and deep gluteal attach here

Front 42

TROCHANTERIC FOSSA OF FEMUR

Back 42

It is a deep cavity medial tot he greater trochanter. The gemelli and the external and internal obturators insert here

Front 43

LESSER TROCHANTER OF FEMUR

Back 43

It is a pyramidal projection at the proximal end of the medial side of the body of the femur. It serves for the insertion of the iliopsoas

Front 44

INTERTROCHANTERIC CREST OF FEMUR

Back 44

It is the caudolateral boundary of the trochanteric fossa characterized by a ridge of bone extending from the summit of the greater trochanter to the lesser trochanter. The quadratus femoris inserts on its crest at the level of the lesser trochanter

Front 45

THIRD TROCHANTER OF FEMUR

Back 45

It is poorly developed and appears at the base of the greater trochanter as a small, rough area on which the superficial gluteal inserts

Front 46

BODY OF THE FEMUR

Back 46

It is slightly convex cranially and presents as a smooth rounded surface

Front 47

MEDIAL AND LATERAL LIPS OF THE BODY OF TE FEMUR

Back 47

It is the cuadal surface of the body of the femur that is rough. The adductor inserts on most of the caudal rough surface, the pectineus and semimembranosus insert on the medial lip

Front 48

TROCHLEA

Back 48

It is the smooth grove on the craniodistal part that articulates with the patella. The medial trocheal ridge is usually thicker than the lateral

Front 49

MEDIAL AND LATERAL CONDYLES OF THE FEMUR

Back 49

The trochlea of the femur is continous with the condyles, which articulate, both directly and through fibrocartilaginous meisci, with the tibia

Front 50

INTERCONDYLAR FOSSA OF THE FEMUR

Back 50

It sepearates the medial and lateral condyles

Front 51

MEDIAL AND LATERAL SUPRACONDYLAR TUBEROSITIES OF THE FEMUR

Back 51

They lie proximal to the sesamoid facets. The gastrocnemii and the superficial digital flexor arise from here

Front 52

POPLITEAL SURFACE OF THE FEMUR

Back 52

It is a large, flat, triangular area ont he caudal surface of the distal extremity proximal to the condyles and intercondylar fossa

Front 53

MEDIAL AND LATERAL EPICONDYLES OF THE FEMUR

Back 53

Are rough areas on each side, proximal to the condyles. They serve for the attachment of the collateral ligaments of the stifle. The lateral epicondyle also gives rise to the popliteus

Front 54

EXTENSOR FOSSA OF THE FEMUR

Back 54

It is located on the lateral epicondyle at the junction of the lateral condyle adn the lateral lip of the trochlea. The long digital extensor arises here. The semimembranousus inserts just proximal to the medial epicondyle

Front 55

MEDIAL CONDYLE OF THE TIBIA

Back 55

Articulates with the femur on the medial side

Front 56

LATERAL CONDYLE OF THE TIBIA

Back 56

Articulates with the femur on the lateral side

Front 57

INTERCONDYLAR EMINENCE OF THE TIBIA

Back 57

Separates the lateral and medial condyles of the tibia

Front 58

INTERCONDYLAR EMINENCE OF TIBIA

Back 58

It consists of two small elongated tubercules which for the tibia's highest part, and a shallow intercondylar area.

Front 59

MENISCI OF TIBIA

Back 59

It is two biconcave fibrocartilages that fill the space between the apposed condyles of the femur and tibia, making the joint congruent

Front 60

CRANIAL INTERCONDYLAR AREA OF TIBIA

Back 60

It is a depression cranial to the eminence and in large part between the condyles. It affords attachment to the cranial parts of the menisci and the cranial cruciate ligament

Front 61

CAUDAL INTERCONDYLAR AREA OF TIBIA

Back 61

It occupies a place similar to that of the cranial area but caudal to the eminence. It provides attachment for the caudal part of the medial meniscus

Front 62

POPLITEAL NOTCH OF TIBIA

Back 62

It is caudal to the caudal intercondylar area and is located between two condyles. The popliteal vessels pass through the notch

Front 63

TIBIAL TUBEROSITY

Back 63

It is the large quadrangular process on the proximocranial surface of the tibia. The quadriceps femoris, biceps femoris, and the sartorius m attach to this tuberosity by means of the patella and patellar ligament.

Front 64

CRANIAL BORDER OF THE TIBIA

Back 64

It is the distal continuation of the tibial tuberosity. It inclines laterally on the body. The following muscles attach wholly or in part to the cranial border of the tibia: biceps femoris, semitendinosus, gracilis, sartorius m.

Front 65

EXTENSOR GROOVE OF TIBIA

Back 65

It is a small, smooth groove located at the junction of the lateral condyle and the tibial tuberosity. The long digital extensor passes through it

Front 66

BODY OF TIBIA

Back 66

It is triangular proximally, nearly cylindrical in the middle, and four sided distally. The semitendinosus and gracilis insert on the proximal medial surface. The popliteus inserts on the proximal third of the caudal surface. The deep digital flexor originates on the lateral side

Front 67

TIBIAL CONCHLEA

Back 67

It is the articular surface that consists of two grooves that receive the ridges of the proximal trochlea of the talus

Front 68

MEDIAL MALLEOLUS OF TIBIA

Back 68

It is the medial part of the distal extremity. The lateral surface articulates with the fibula by a small facet

Front 69

BODY, HEAD, AND LATERAL MALLEOLUS OF FIBULA

Back 69

The fibula has proximal and distal extremities and an intermediate body. The proximal extremity, head, articulates with the lateral condyle of the tibia. The distal extremity, lateral malleolus, has two grooves for tendons

Front 70

TARSUS

Back 70

It lies between the metatarsals and the leg. It is composed of seven tarsal bones and the related soft tissues. It is also called the hock

Front 71

CALCANEUS AND TALUS

Back 71

The proximal row of the tarus contains the long, laterally located calcaneus and shorter, medially located talus

Front 72

TROCHLEA OF TARSUS

Back 72

It is part of the proximal end of the talus. It has two ridges separated by a groove for articulation with the tibial cochlea. This is the tarsocrural joint where flexion and extension occur between the leg and hindpaw

Front 73

TUBER CALCANEI

Back 73

It is a traction process of the calcaneus that projects proximally and caudally

Front 74

SUSTENTACULUM TALI

Back 74

It lies on the medial side of the calcaneus. It is a bony process that the tendon of the lateral digital flexor glides over the plantar surface of this process

Front 75

FIRST, SECOND, AND THIRD TARSAL BONES

Back 75

The distal row consists of four bones. The three small bones( 1st, 2nd, 3rd) are separated from the proximal row by the central tarsal bone

Front 76

FOURTH TARSAL BONE

Back 76

It is the large tarsal bone which completes the distal row laterally, articulates with the calcaneus proximally

Front 77

PES

Back 77

Term for hindpaw

Front 78

MANUS

Back 78

Term for forepaw

Front 79

HALLUX

Back 79

Term for first digit