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18 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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what do you need to know for determining valvular disease?
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-normal anatomy
-normal pressures -normal doppler velocities -how increased pressures and volumes affect the heart -preload and afterload differences -difference btw stenoiss and regurge(lt. side) -normal dimentions of the heart -ECG -pressure curve |
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what are the most common causes of valvular heart disease?
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-age
-rhumatic heart disease -endocarditis -cogenital disorers -cardiomyopathies |
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name and explain the components of the atrial pressure curve, and draw and example of this?
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-a-wave-presystolic wave from atrial contraction; elevated in aortic stenosis
-c-wave-start of systole; .8sec after Q-wave -V-wave-atrial filling; elevated with AV insufficiency |
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What does the E-F slope tell us?
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Decel time-PHT
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what is the most common cause of Rhumatic fever?
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MV stenois
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what is seen with mild and sever MS?
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mild:
-reduced excursion -mild calcification -slightly enlarged LA -MVA approx. 2.5cm2 SEVERE: -very decreased excursion -calcification -increased LA -increased RV and RA due to pulmonary hypertension -significant tricuspid regurge -paradoxical septal motion |
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how does the heart look with severe mitral regurge?
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the heart is ovall enlarged
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what is the b-bump representative of?
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elevation in end diastolic pressures
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what is the most common cause of aortic stenosis
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-age(used to be rhumatic)
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how would the heart look with AO stenosis?
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LV hypertrophy
LV stretched |
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How would the heart look with severe AO regurge?
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big LV
mitral valve flutter |
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How are preload and afterload relataed?
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increased preload(good to a point)=increased afterload(bad)
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what are the factors that affect cardiac performance
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preload
afterload contractility heart rate |
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does stenois affect preload or afterload
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increased afterload with stenoisis
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is regurge a preload or afterload problem?
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preload-causes increased preload
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inotropic force
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contractility of heart muscle or force of contraction
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chornotropic force
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heart rate or the rate of contraction
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when there is volume overload, and paradoxical septal motion, which side of the heart is affected?
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the RV-only when there is RVVO is there paradoxical septal motion
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