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24 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Where are the Kupfer cells found?
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Kupffer cells are the resident macrophages that line the sinusoids of the liver.
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What is the function of the Kupfer cells?
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Kupfer cells are phagocytic and are responsible for clearing hepatic sinus blood of bacteria and other foreign materials.
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What is the portal triad in the liver?
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The portal triad is a portal vein, an hepatic artery and a bile duct in the liver. (they are located at the six corners of each hexagon hepatic lobule)
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Can the liver act as a reservoir for blood?
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yes- it can store up to 500 ml of blood at a time. Autotransfusion is controlled by the autonomic innervation and can release blood in response to intense sympathetic stimulation.
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What is the arterial buffer system in the liver?
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the increase n hepatic arterial flow in response to a decrease in portal vein blood flow.
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What are the seven functions of the Liver?
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1. Storage and filtration of blood
2. Blood Coagulation 3. carbohydrate, fat and protein metabolism 4. Secretion of bile 5. Storage of vitamins 6. Storage of iron 7. Detoxification and excretion of drugs (also hormone production (IGF-1 for childhood growth) |
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The liver metabolizes carbohydrates: describe
1. Gluconeogenesis 2. Glycogenolysis 3.Glycogenesis |
1. Gluconeogenesis: the production of glucose from amino acids
2. Glycogenolysis: the breakdown of glycogen into glucose 3. Glycogenesis:the formation of glycogen from glucose |
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What are 4 roles of the liver in protein metabolism?
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1. produces most proteins (except IGG)
2. syntheisizes lipoproteins 3. converts amino acids by oxidative deamination into carbohydrates and FA for prod of ATP 4. produces urea which removes ammonia |
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What are the three likely abnormalities with chronic alcoholism?
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1. thrombocytopenia,
2. leukopenia 3. Anemia |
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What two vessels deliver blood to the liver and what is their percentage?
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Portal vein (70%)
Hepatic artery (30%) -- but each contributes 50% of O2 |
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What receptors are found in the liver?
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Hepatic Arteries:
1. Alpha-1 (vasoconstriction) 2. Beta-2 (vasodilation) 3. D-1 (vasodilation) 4. Cholinergic( vasodilation) Portal Veins: 1. alpha-1(vasoconstriction) 2. D-1 (vasodilation) |
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Portal vein receives_____ of total flow and supplies_____ of O2 requirements?
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70-75% total flow, and 50-55% O2
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What is the normal pressure of the portal vein?
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< 10 mmHg
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What is produced via autoregulation when portal vein flow is decreased?
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Adenosine- which vasodilates hepatic artery
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The liver may act as a reservoir as result of venous tone changes and pressure. How much blood can it hold?
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500cc or 10% of the blood volume
With CHF and inc. CVP, 1 Liter of blood can be held |
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The liver makes all of the proteins in the reticuloendothelial system except:
A. Factors III and V B. Albumin C. Gamma globulins and Factor VIII D. Psuedocholinesterase |
C. Gamma globulins and Factor VIII
FYI-- all factors made in liver EXCEPT IV(calcium) and VIII |
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What Factors are Vit. K dependent ?
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II, VII, IX, and X
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Which Factor has the shortest half-life at ~ 6 hours ?
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Factor VII
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Which vitamins, hormones and minerals are synthesized and stored in the liver ?
T3, T4 Vit. A and D Vit. E and B12 All of the above |
D- of course it’s all of the above!
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What is Bile and where is it made?
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Cont. formed by hepatocytes
500ml/day Diverted into gallbladder via Sphincter of Oddi GB holds 35-50 ml Comprised of Bile salts, Bilirubin, and Cholesterol |
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What is Bilirubin?
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From phagocytized hemoglobin
Bile pigments formed from Heme (in a long, drawn out process that I’m sure you all have read about and I will not bore you with) Conjugated mostly by glucuronic acid Goes to intestines where some is reabsorbed into the blood and excreted by liver 5% excreted by kidneys |
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Which form of Bilirubin is neurotoxic?
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Unconjugated
Causes encephalopathy |
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What part of the hepatocyte converts drugs to a more water soluble form?
Membrane proteins Golgi apparatus Smooth endoplasmic reticulum mitochondria |
C. smooth endo retic
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Phase 1 Reaction- Cytochrome P450 emzyme systems
-Result in: what processes and which Drugs are inactivated by it...? |
Oxidation, reduction, deamination, sulfoxidation, dealkylation, or methylation
Barbs and Benzos ( don’t forget about enzyme induction!!!) |
