Valid Argument Forms

Front 1

Universal Argument (Barbara)

Back 1

A is B All those who embrace Greek folk religion worship many gods.
B is C Those who worship many gods are polytheists.
A is C All those who embrace Greek folk religion are polytheists.

Front 2

Enthymeme

Back 2

Incompletely stated argument with implied premises.

Front 3

Proposition

Back 3

Either true or false

Front 4

Negative Universal

Back 4

A is B- Mary is a member of the Church of Jesus Christ (CofJC).
A is not C- Mary is not a polytheist.
Not all B is C- Not all members of the CofJC are polytheist

Front 5

Equality

Back 5

A=B- Monotheists believe in and worship one God.
RA (R has the quality of A) Mary is a monotheist.
RB (R has the quality of B) Mary believes in and worships one God.

Front 6

Negative equality

Back 6

RA (R has the quality of A)- John is a monarchist.
Not RB (R does not have the quality of B)- John is not a polytheist.
A not equal B- Monarchism is, therefore, not polytheism

Front 7

Hypothetical Syllogism

Back 7

If p then q, If rain then clouds,
if q then r; if cloud then less sunlight;
Therefore, if p then r. therefore, if rain then less sunlight.

Front 8

Affirming the antecedent

Back 8

If p then q. If rain then clouds.
P, It is raining;
therefore q. Therefore, there are clouds.

Front 9

Denying the consequent

Back 9

If p then q. If rain then clouds.
Not q; There are no clouds;
therefore, not p. Therefore, it is not raining

Front 10

Affirming the consequent

Back 10

If p then q. If rain then clouds.
Q, There are clouds;
therefore p. therefore, it is raining.

Front 11

Denying the antecedent

Back 11

If p then q. If rain then clouds.
Not p; It is not raining;
therefore, not q. therefore, there are no clouds