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24 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Rapid response in vaccination is promoted by?
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-enhanced mucosal immunity
-high affinity antibodies -lots of memory T and B cells -isotope switching |
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vaccines must be
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safe, cheap, stable, easy to administer
give sustained protection induce neutralizing antibody induce protective cytotoxic T cells |
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Four major types of vaccines include?
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-live attenuated
-killed -acellular -recombinant |
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Killed vaccines include?
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polio, influenza
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Live attenuated vaccines include?
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FluMist, MMR, smallpox
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The smallpox vaccine is made of
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a heterologous virus (vaccinia versus variola)
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Advantages of attenuated vaccines include
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single dose
long lasting immunity pathogen specific B and T cells |
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Disadvantages if attenuated vaccines include
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-expensive and unstable
-reversion to virulence -adverse reactions -can't use in immuno-compromised individuals -contagious to less responsive individuals |
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Adverse affects, leading to a greater focus on acellular vaccines, of the attenuated smallpox vaccine include
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-autoinnoculation
-eczema vaccinatum -CNS disease |
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Disadvantages of killed vaccines
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short lived
often multiple doses needed limited cytotoxic lymphocytes generated |
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Disadvantages of acellular vaccines
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expensive
short lived often multiple doses needed limited cytotoxic lymphocytes generated adjuvant generally required |
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why do acellular polysaccaride vaccines use a protein carrier to illicit linked recognition?
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one needs to create antigen (toxoid) specific t cells, because children under 2 have limited T cell independent B cell function
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examples of acellular polysaccaride vaccines include
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H. influenzae type B
S. peumoniae N. menigitidis |
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what kind of immune response is required for the polio virus?
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circulating neutralizing antibody, to keep virus from getting to nervous system
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what kind of immune response is required for the smallpox virus?
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circulating neutralizing antibody or CTL
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what kind of immune response is required for HIV?
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CTL
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what kind of immune response is required for enteric and respiratory pathogens?
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mucosal IgA and IgG
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key events in response to vaccination include?
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innate immune response
dendritic cell maturation dendritic cell expression of CD80/86. CD40 migration of dendritic cells activation of T and B cells generation of memory T and B cells |
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One can shift the response between Th1 and Th2 by using
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different doses
adjuvants and cytokines different antigen processing pathways |
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IL12 will promote
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a Th1 response
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live viral vaccines will be processed by what pathways resulting in production of?
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MHC I and MHC II creating CTL and antibodies
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killed viral vaccines will be processed by what pathways resulting in production of?
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MHC I, producing antibodies
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Experimental adjuvants include?
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cytokines(IL1, IL2, IFN gamma)
TLR agonists |
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Challenges for HIV vaccine production are brought on by?
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high rate of mutation, no good animal model, generating high avidity CTL
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