V Phil V04 Test 2

Front 1

Define:
Pooh-poohing

Back 1

Dismissing rather than arguing against your opponent's point.

Front 2

Define:
Shifting the Burden of Proof

Back 2

Trying to make the other person prove what you should prove.

Front 3

Define:
Attacking the person

Back 3

The fallacy of criticizing a person who puts forward a proposal or claim rather than giving evidence to logically refute the person's point of view.

Front 4

Define:
Appeal to fear

Back 4

Using threats or scare tactics instead of evidence to get a point accepted.

Front 5

Define:
Appeal to pity

Back 5

Evoking the feeling of pity instead of giving evidence to get a point accepted.

Front 6

Define:
Appeal to the crowd

Back 6

Arousing feelings of group identity instead of giving evidence to get a point accepted.

Front 7

Define:
Ignoring the Issue

Back 7

Arguing about something other than the point at hand.

Front 8

Define:
Loaded Question

Back 8

A question with a false or debatable presupposition.

Front 9

Define:
Circular Argument (Begging the Question)

Back 9

Assuming during the course of your argument that very thing you are supposed to prove.

Front 10

Define:
Bad Appeal to Authority

Back 10

Using the testimony of an expert as evidence for a point, when that expert is not identified, not competent in the area under discussion, not quoted in full, not current, or not unbiased.

Front 11

Define:
false dilemma

Back 11

a dilemma in which either significant options are overlooked or consequences of stated options are misstated.

Front 12

Define:
false analogy

Back 12

A comparison that overlooks significant differences between the things compared.

Front 13

Define:
Hasty Generalization

Back 13

Generalizing on the basis of atypical or too few cases.

Front 14

Define:
Accident

Back 14

The fallacy of applying a general rule in an atypical way or to an atypical case.

Front 15

Define:
False cause

Back 15

Arguing that A causes B merely on the basis that A and B are linked in time.

Front 16

Define:
Equivocation

Back 16

Shifting from one meaning (of an ambiguous word or phrase) to another during the course of an argument.

Front 17

Define:
Amphiboly

Back 17

A sentence that is ambiguous due to grammatical construction.

Front 18

Define:
Accent

Back 18

Changing the meaning of a word or phrase by stressing or omitting part of it.

Front 19

Define:
Division

Back 19

Either assuming that what is true of the whole is true of the parts, or else using a general term collectively in the premises and distributively in the conclusion.

Front 20

Define:
Composition

Back 20

Either assuming that what is true of the parts is true of the whole, or else using a general term distributively in the premises and collectively in the conclusion.