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43 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Receptive field |
The entire area through which the sensitive ends of a receptor cell are distributed |
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General senses |
Receptors are distributed throughout the skin and organs |
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Special senses |
Receptors are housed in complex organs in the head |
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Name the three criteria's used to describe receptors |
1.Stimulus origin 2.Receptor distribution 3.Modality of stimulus |
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Exteroceptors |
*Stimulus origin -found in skin or mucous membranes such as nasal and oral cavities, vagina and anal canal |
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Interoceptors |
*Stimulus origin -found in the walls of viscera, detecting stretching, oxygen deprivation, temperature and pressure |
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Proprioceptors |
*Stimulus origin -Found in muscles, tendons and joints, detecting body and limb movement, muscles contraction and stretching and changes in capsule structure |
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Somatic receptors |
*Receptor distribution -found within the body wall. They include receptors for chemicals, temperature, pain, touch, proprioception and pressure |
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Visceral receptors |
*Receptor distribution -found within the walls of the viscera. They respond to chemicals, temperature and pressure |
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Special senses |
*Receptor distribution -located only in the head such as gustation, olfaction, vision, equilibrium and hearing |
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Chemoreceptors |
*Modality of stimulus -detect specific molecules dissolved in fluid |
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Thermoreceptors |
*Modality of stimulus -detect changes in temperature |
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Photoreceptors |
*Modality of stimulus -detect changes in light intensity, color and movement of light |
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Mechanoreceptors |
*Modality of stimulus -detect physical deformation due to touch, pressure, vibration and stretch |
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Osmoreceptors |
*Modality of stimulus -detect osmotic pressure of body fluid |
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Nociceptors |
*Modality of stimulus -detect tissue damage and pain |
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Referred pain |
Impulses from viscera perceived as originating not from the organ but in a dermatome of the skin |
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Phantom pain |
It is a sensation associated with a part of the body that has been removed, usually an amputated limb *phantom limb syndrom |
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Olfactory organs |
Inside the nasal cavity |
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Olfactory epithelium consists of what three distinct cell types |
-olfactory receptor cells -supporting cells -basal cells |
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Olfactory hairs |
Free nerve endings on olfactory receptor cells that project into mucous |
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Olfactory pathways |
Airbornemolecules enter nasal cavity > molecules get stuck inmucous membrane > olfactory hairs > olfactory receptors > axons of bipolarneurons pass through olfactory foramina (of cribriform plate) > olfactory bulb > olfactory tract > olfactory cortex oftemporal lobe |
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Conjunctiva |
Stratified squamous epithelium that lines the anterior surface of the eye and the inner surface of the eyelid. It contains goblet cells to lubricate and moisten the eye. |
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Palpebral fissure |
The opening between the two eyelids |
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Medial and lateral commissures |
Where the eyelids unite at their medial and lateral borders |
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Lacrimal caruncle |
Small, reddish structure at the medial commissure that contains modified sweat glands |
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Lacrimal fluid |
Tears |
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Lysozyme |
Antibiotic like enzyme in tears that prevent bacterial infections |
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Lacrimal gland |
Contains modified sweat glands |
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Lacrimal puncta |
Small "holes" in the caruncle |
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Lacrimal canaliculus |
Drains lacrimal fluid into lacrimal sac |
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Nasolacrimal duct |
Receives tears from the lacrimal sac and drains the fluid into the nasal cavity |
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The three principle layers that form the wall of the eye |
-Fibrous tunic -Vascular tunic -Retina |
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Cornea |
*Fibrous tunic -transparent, avascular and receives oxygen and nutrients from lacrimal fluid and aqueous humor |
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Sclera |
*Fibrous tunic -makes up the majority of the fibrous tunic. "white of the eye" |
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Choroid |
*Vascular tunic -largest are containing a vast network of capillaries which supply nutrients and oxygen to the retina |
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Ciliary body |
*Vascular tunic -composed of ciliary muscles and ciliary processes |
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Iris |
*Vascular tunic -the pigmented part of the eye |
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Pupil |
A black hole in the iris that allows light to pass on to the retina |
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Sphincter pupillae muscles |
Concentric and controlled by the parasympathetic system, causing constriction of pupil |
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Dilator pupillae muscles |
Spoke like muscles controlled by the sympathetic system, causing dilation of pupil |
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Pigmented layer |
*Retina -attached to the choroid. These cells absorb light energy that passes through the retina and provide photoreceptors with vitamin A |
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Neural layer |
*Retina -houses the photoreceptors and other associated neurons |
