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32 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Contains DNA within a cells nucleus |
Chromosome |
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Separated identical twins have similar... |
Nature (personality, ability, and interests) |
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Heritability |
The likelihood that differences across individuals in a population are due to genetics |
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Environment or nurture is responsible for |
value, manner, faith, and politics |
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Gender differences in agression |
Extreme aggression seen in males, relational aggression seen in females. |
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Social power |
Different leadership styles and behaviors |
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Social connectedness |
Women’s brains are better wired to improve social relationships |
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Social learning theory |
our gender role is learned by imitating others |
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A biopsychosocial approach |
the three things that influence our behavior. genetics culture personal experience |
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Major issues of development |
Nature & Nurture Continuity & Stages Stability & Change |
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Prenatal development cycle |
egg zygote embryo fetus |
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Teratogens |
harmful agents such as viruses and drugs |
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Physical development of infancy |
raise head roll sit stand crawl walk |
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Schema |
describes a pattern of thought or behavior that organizes categories of information and the relationships among them |
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Assimilation |
interpreting new experiences based on old schemes. For example, a child calling another man “Dad”. |
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Accommodation |
adjusting schema to fit information |
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Piaget’s theory |
Sensorimotor; object permanence Preoperational stage; egocentric Concrete operational; conservation Formal operational; Abstract logic, moral reasoning |
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Harlow’s monkey study |
The monkeys preferred a cloth mother to a wire mother, regardless of which provided food. The mother’s ability to provide contact comfort was essential for forming attachment. |
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Attachment: Secure vs. insecure |
Secure: children explore confidently and return to the parent or caregiver for reassuranceInsecure: Avoidant or Anxious/ambivalent |
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Parenting style |
Authoritarian Permissive Authoritative |
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Adolescence |
Between childhood and adulthood sexuality, abstract thinking, and identity are formed |
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Cross-sectional versus longitudinal study |
Cross-sectional: comparing different people at the same time longitudinal: comparing the same people over time. |
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Sensation |
The process by which brain inputs this raw sensory data |
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Perception |
The interpretation of sensory input |
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Transduction |
stimulus is translated to neural signal by sensory system |
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top-down process |
brain imposes its own structure on incoming information using memory and other cognitive processes |
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bottom-up process |
The brain uses incoming signals to construct perceptions |
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absolute thresholds |
smallest amount of stimulus that can be detected, 50 percent of the time. |
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subliminal |
refers to stimuli below your absolute threshold. |
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difference thresholds |
smallest difference that can be detected between two stimulus |
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Webber’s law |
average person to perceive difference, two stimuli must differ by constant percentage. |
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Sensory adaptation |
a reduction in sensitivity to stimulus after constant exposure |
