Uw-Madison - Psychology 202 - Exam 1

Front 1

Father of modern psychology, established first psychology lab in 1879. Studied Introspection.

Back 1

Wilhelm Wundt

Front 2

Who was the famous psychologist who studied Structuralism?

Back 2

Wilhelm Wundt

Front 3

Who was Wilhelm Wundt, and what area of psychology did he specialize in?

Back 3

Wilhelm Wundt was the father of modern psychology, and specialized in Structuralism

Front 4

Define Structuralism

Back 4

The classification of mental structures

Front 5

The classification of mental structures is an area of psychology known as what?

Back 5

Structuralism

Front 6

Who was the first American psychologist, who graduated from Harvard University?

Back 6

William James

Front 7

William James specialized in what area of psychology?

Back 7

Functionalism

Front 8

Define Functionalism

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The study of the function of the mind

Front 9

The study of the function of the mind is an area of psychology known as what?

Back 9

Functionalism

Front 10

Who were the four key psychologists in the area of Behaviorism?

Back 10

Pavlov: Dogs salivating at the sound of a bell
John B. Watson: Foremost Proponent
B. F. Skinner: How outcomes effect behavior
Bandura: Social Learning Theory

Front 11

This psychologist showed that dogs could be made to salivate at the sound of a bell

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Pavlov

Front 12

This psychologist is famous for his work with the Foremost Proponent

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John B. Watson

Front 13

This psychologist studied how outcomes effect behavior

Back 13

B. F. Skinner

Front 14

This psychologist is famous for his development of the Social Learning Theory

Back 14

Bandura

Front 15

Define Behaviorism

Back 15

The scientific study of behavior and its environmental determinants

Front 16

The scientific study of behavior and its environmental determinants is an area of psychology known as what?

Back 16

Behaviorism

Front 17

The belief that the mind is a Black Box, which cannot be understood, is characteristic of what area of psychology?

Back 17

Behaviorism

Front 18

This psychologist is famous for his work in the area of psychoanalysis

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Sigmund Freud

Front 19

Compared the mind to an iceberg, with most thought processes taking place below the surface (subconscious)

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Sigmund Freud

Front 20

Believed in a conflict between our biological instincts and societal rules, studied stages of development as well as the role of early experience

Back 20

Sigmund Freud

Front 21

Define Psychoanalysis

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The study of the unconscious aspects of the mind

Front 22

The study of the unconscious aspects of the mind is an area of psychology known as what?

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Psychoanalysis

Front 23

This psychologist is famous for his work in the area of Cognitive Psychology, and the development of the Information Processing approach

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Herbert Simon

Front 24

What is the focus of Cognitive Psychologists?

Back 24

Cognitive Psychologists focus on basic psychological processes, such as learning, memory, and perception

Front 25

The study of basic psychological processes, such as learning, memory, and perception, is known as what?

Back 25

Cognitive Psychology

Front 26

What is the focus of Biological Psychologists?

Back 26

Biological Psychologists focus on the influence of brain chemistry and other physiological factors on behavior and the mental processes

Front 27

The study of the influence of brain chemistry and other physiological factors on behavior and the mental processes is known as what?

Back 27

Biological Psychology

Front 28

What is the focus of Personality Psychologists?

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Personality Psychologists focus on characteristics that set people apart from one another

Front 29

The study of characteristics that set people apart from one another is known as what?

Back 29

Personality Psychology

Front 30

What is the focus of Developmental Psychologists?

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Developmental Psychologists specialize in trying to understand the development of behavior and mental processes over a lifetime

Front 31

The study of development of behavior and mental processes over a lifetime is known as what?

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Developmental Psychology

Front 32

What is the focus of Quantitative Psychologists?

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Quantitative Psychologists develop methods for statistical analysis of data

Front 33

The development of methods for statistical analysis of data is known as what?

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Quantitative Psychology

Front 34

What is the focus of Clinical and Counseling Psychologists?

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Clinical and Counseling Psychologists provide direct service to troubled people and conduct research on abnormal behavior

Front 35

The research of abnormal behavior and providing of service to troubled people is known as what?

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Clinical/Counseling Psychology

Front 36

What is the focus of Community Psychologists?

Back 36

Community Psychologists work to prevent mental disorders and extend mental health services to those who need it

Front 37

The work of preventing mental disorders and extending mental health services to those who need it is known as what?

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Community Psychology

Front 38

What is the focus of Educational Psychologists?

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educational Psychologists conduct and apply research on teaching and learning

Front 39

The conducting and application of research on teaching and learning is known as what?

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Educational Psychology

Front 40

What is the focus of School Psychologists?

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School Psychologists sqecialize in assessing and alleviating children's academic problems

Front 41

The assessing and alleviation of children's academic problems is known as what?

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School Psychology

Front 42

What is the focus of Social Psychology?

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Social Psychologists examine questions regarding how people influence one another

Front 43

The study of how people influence one another is known as what?

Back 43

Social Psychology

Front 44

What is the focus of Industrial/Organizational Psychologists?

Back 44

Industrial/Organizational Psychologists conduct research on topics such as increasing the motivation of employees and helping companies select the best new workers

Front 45

The conducting of research on topics such as increasing the motivation of employees and helping companies select the best new workers is known as what?

Back 45

Industrial/Organizational Psychology

Front 46

Gender, Ethnicity, Age, and Religion are examples of what type of variables?

Back 46

Gender, Ethnicity, Age, and Religion are examples of Sociocultural Variables

Front 47

Psychologists who adopt a ______ Approach examine how physiological factors shape behavior and mental processes

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Biological Approach

Front 48

Darwin's theory helped stimulate the ______ Approach, which emphasizes the inherite, adaptive aspects of behavior and mental processes

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Evolutionary Approach

Front 49

The ______ Approach sees behavior and mental processes as a struggle to resolve conflicts between impulses and the demands made by society to control those impulses

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Psychodynamic Approach

Front 50

Psychologists who take the ______ Approach consider behavior to be determined by learning based on experience with rewards and punishments

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Behavioral Approach

Front 51

The ______ Approach assumes that behavior can be understood through analysis of the mental processes that underlie it

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Cognitive Approach

Front 52

The ______ Approach views behavior as controlled by the decisions that people make about their lives based on their perceptions of the world

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Humanistic Approach

Front 53

What is Naturalistic Observation?

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Naturalistic Observation is the study of a subject in its natural environment, without interference

Front 54

What is a Case Study?

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Case Studies are intensive examinations of a particular individual, group, or situation, and often involve an unusal case

Front 55

What is a Survey?

Back 55

Surveys ask questions, through interviews of questionnaires, about behavior, attitudes, beliefs, opinions, and intentions

Front 56

What is a Correlational Study?

Back 56

Correlational Studies examine the Correlation, or relationship, between variables in order to describe research data, test predictions, evaluate theories, and suggest hypotheses

Front 57

In Experiments, researchers manipulate a(n) ______ and observe the effect of that manipulation on a(n) ______

Back 57

Independent Variable,
Dependent Variable

Front 58

Define the term Representative Sample

Back 58

A Representative Sample is one which matches the population in a number of important characteristics, such as gender, ethnicity, age, religion, and economic status

Front 59

Define the term Random Sample

Back 59

A Random Sample is one in which every member of the population has an equal chance of being chosen

Front 60

Define the term Convenience Sample

Back 60

A Convenience Sample is one which is chosen based on convenience, and may or may not be representative of the population as a whole

Front 61

Anything other than a truly Random Sample is said to be a ______ Sample of participants

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Biased Sample

Front 62

Define the term Statistically Significant

Back 62

Data is said to be Statistically Significant when a Correlation Coefficient, a difference between groups, or some other research finding is larger than would be expected by chance alone

Front 63

The Medulla, a major structure in the Hindbrain, serves what major functions?

Back 63

The Medulla regulates breathing, heart rate, and blood pressure

Front 64

The Reticular Formation, a major structure in the Hindbrain and enxtending into the Midbrain, serves what major functions?

Back 64

The Reticular Formation regulates arousal and attention

Front 65

The Cerebellum, a major structure in the Hindbrain, serves what major functions?

Back 65

The Cerebellum controls finely coordinated movements and certain cognitive processes

Front 66

The Medulla, Reticular Formation, and Cerebellum are major structures in what part of the brain?

Back 66

The Medulla, Reticular Formation, and Cerebellum are major structures in the Hindbrain

Front 67

The Various Nuclei found in the Midbrain serve what major functions?

Back 67

The Various Nuclei of the Midbrain relay sensory signals to the Forebrain, create automatic responses to certain stimuli, and initiate smooth movement

Front 68

The Thalamus, a major structure in the Forebrain, serves what major functions?

Back 68

The Thalamus interprets and relays sensory information

Front 69

The Hypothalamus, a major structure in the Forebrain, serves what major funtions?

Back 69

The Hypothalamus regulates hunger, thirst, and sex drives

Front 70

The Amygdala, a major structure in the Forebrain, serves what major functions?

Back 70

The Amygdala connects sensations and emotions

Front 71

The Hippocampus, a major structure in the Forebrain, serves what major functions?

Back 71

The Hippocampus forms new memories

Front 72

The Cerebral Cortex, a major structure in the Forebrain, serves what major functions?

Back 72

The Cerebral Cortex analyzes sensory information, as well as controlling voluntary movements, abstract thinking, and other complex cognitive activity

Front 73

The Corpus Callosum, a major structure in the Forebrain, serves what major functions?

Back 73

The Corpus Callosum transfers information between the two cerebral hemispheres

Front 74

The Thalamus, Hypothalamus, Amygdala, Hippocampus, Cerebral Cortex, and Corpus Callosum are major structures in what part of the brain?

Back 74

The Thalamus, Hypothalamus, Amygdala, Hippocampus, Cerebral Cortex, and Corpus Callosum are major structures in the Forebrain

Front 75

The specialized cells of the nervous system that send and receive signals are called ______

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The specialized cells of the nervous system that send and receive signals are called Neurons

Front 76

______ help Neurons communicate by directing their growth, keeping their chemical environment stable, providing energy, secreting chemicals to help repair damage, and even responding to signals from Neurons

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Glial Cells help Neurons communicate by directing their growth, keeping their chemical environment stable, providing energy, secreting chemicals to help repair damage, and even responding to signals from Neurons

Front 77

______ carry signals away from the cell body, while ______ detect and receive the signals sent out by other Neurons

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Axons carry signals away from the cell body, while Dendrites detect and receive the signals sent out by other Neurons

Front 78

The brief state of recovery following the firing of a cell is know as what?

Back 78

The Refractory Period

Front 79

Neurons communicate with each other by sending chemicals called ______ across the gap between the Axon and Dendrites, which is known as the ______

Back 79

Neurons communicate with each other by sending chemicals called Neurotransmitters across the gap between the Axon and Dendrites, which is known as the Synapse

Front 80

What is the function of the Axon?

Back 80

The Axon carries signals away from the cell body

Front 81

What is the function of the Dendrite?

Back 81

The Dendrite detects and carries signals to the cell body

Front 82

What is the function of the Synapse?

Back 82

The Synapse provides an area for the transfer of signals between Neurons, usually between the Axon and Dendrite

Front 83

What is the function of the Neurotransmitter?

Back 83

Neurotransmitters are chemicals released by one cell that bind to the Receptors on another cell

Front 84

What is the function of the Receptor?

Back 84

Receptors are proteins on the cell membrane that receive chemical signals

Front 85

Shrinkage of the Hippocampus has been shown to have a correlation with what disease?

Back 85

Shrinkage of the Hippocampus has been shown to have a correlation with ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE

Front 86

Alzheimer's Disease has been shown to have a correlation with shrinkage of what major structure of the brain?

Back 86

Alzheimer's Disease has been shown to have a correlation with shrinkage of the HIPPOCAMPUS

Front 87

What part of the brain controls voluntary movements in specific parts of the body?

Back 87

The MOTOR CORTEX controls voluntary movements in specific parts of the body

Front 88

The Visual Cortex, Auditory Cortex, and Somatosensory Cortex are functional areas of the brain known collectivly as the ______

Back 88

The Visual Cortex, Auditory Cortex, and Somatosensory Cortex are functional areas of the brain known collectivly as the SENSORY CORTEX

Front 89

Parts of the brain that receive input from more than one sense or input that combines sensory and motor information are referred to as ______

Back 89

Parts of the brain that receive input from more than one sense or input that combines sensory and motor information are referred to as ASSOCIATION CORTEX

Front 90

Damage to Association Cortex in the Left Frontal Lobe, known as Broca's Area, would have what result?

Back 90

Damage to Broca's Area disrupts speech and organization, a condition called BROCA'S APHASIA

Front 91

damage to Association Cortex in the Left Temporal Lobe, known as Wernicke's Area, would have what result?

Back 91

Damage to Wernicke's Area can leave patients with the ability to speak but disrupts the ability to understand the meaning of words or to speak understandably

Front 92

The Neurotransmitter Acetylcholine affects what functions?

Back 92

The Neurotransmitter Acetylcholine affects MEMORY and MOVEMENT

Front 93

The Neurotransmitter Norepinephrine affects what functions?

Back 93

The Neurotransmitter Norepinephrine affects MOOD, SLEEP, and LEARNING

Front 94

The Neurotransmitter Serotonin affects what functions?

Back 94

The Neurotransmitter Serotonin affects MOOD, APPETITE, and IMPULSIVITY

Front 95

The Neurotransmitter Dopamine affects what functions?

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The Neurotransmitter Dopamine affects MOVEMENT and REWARD

Front 96

The Neurotransmitter GABA affects what functions?

Back 96

The Neurotransmitter GABA affects SLEEP and MOVEMENT

Front 97

The Neurotransmitter Glutamate affects what function?

Back 97

The Neurotransmitter Glutamate affects MEMORY

Front 98

Endorphines, Peptides that act as Neurotransmitters, serve what function?

Back 98

Endorphines affect PAIN CONTROL

Front 99

Nitric Oxide, a Gas that acts as a Neurotransmitter, serves what function?

Back 99

Nitric Oxide affects MEMORY

Front 100

The cells of the Endocrine Organs, or ______, communicate by secreting chemicals known as ______

Back 100

The cells of the Endocrine Organs, or GLANDS, communicate by secreting chemicals known as HORMONES

Front 101

The ______ Response is a result of the combined effects of the Adrenal Hormones and the activation of the Sympathetic Nevous System

Back 101

The FIGHT-OR-FLIGHT RESPONSE is a result of the combined effects of the Adrenal Hormones and the activation of the Sympathetic Nevous System