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8 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the MOA of ethambutol? What is its major SE?
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↓ carbohydrate polymerization (used in making mycobacterial cell wall)
- blocks arabinosyltransferase SE is Optic neuritis → Central scotoma (reduced acuity) and R-G color blindness |
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What is the classical triad of ataxia telangiectasia?
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A-T-ax-IgA
1) A-taxia = cerebellar defects 2) T-elangiectasia = spider angiomas (sun exposed) 3) IgA - deficiency d/t mutation of the ATM gene - loss of DNA repair |
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How does adenosine affect heart rate?
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Acting at the SA node:
- ↑ K+ channels - ↓ L-type Ca2+ channels Prolongs Phase 4 depolarization and therefore reduces HR |
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If a patient has HIV and signs of meningitis?
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Cryptococcus neoformans
Budding yeasts (only form) CSF testing = Latex agglutination (polysaccharide) - more specific than India ink |
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How do you reverse warfarin's effects?
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1) FAST = Fresh frozen plasma (contains all clotting factors immediately)
2) Vitamin K (takes more time - needed for clotting factor synthesis) |
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What are the clostridia and what are their toxins?
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clos-T-ri-D-ia = gram P-ositive anaerobic B-acillus
1) T-etani = tetanospasmin (blocks GABA/GLYCINE) 2) D-ifficile = 2 Toxins - Toxin A (binds brush border) - Toxin B (destroys enterocyte cytoskel → pseudomembrane) 3) P-erfringens = α-Toxin (lecithinase) 4) Botulinum = botox (inhibits ACh release @ NMJ) |
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What do integrins bind to that keeps cells attached to the BM and ECM?
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Integrin-mediated adhesion is d/t binding w/:
- fibronectin - collagen - laminin |
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What is the most common cause of lung abscesses and where do they occur?
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Usually anaerobes that make up normal oropharyngeal flora (aspirated d/t loss of consciousness e.g. epileptics, alocholics)
Bacteroides Fusobacterium Peptostreptococcus Usually in the dependent part of the Right lung |
