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21 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What conditions can vitamin A help to treat?
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1) Measles
2) AML (subtype M3) meAsles A-mL (m - 3) |
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What is India Ink stain used to detect?
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Cryptococcus neoformans
Neo = New (New Delhi = India) "halo" d/t the thick polysaccharide coat (crypt) around the yeast. |
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What is the culture medium for fungi?
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Sabourad's Agar
(e.g. for Cryptococcus neoformans) |
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What are the mature ego defense mechanisms?
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SASH
- Sublimation - Altruism - Suppression - Humor (Mature women wear a SASH) |
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What are the mature ego defense mechanisms?
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SASH
- Sublimation - Altruism - Suppression - Humor (Mature women wear a SASH) |
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What crystal is needle-shaped and negatively birefringent?
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Monosodium Urate (Gout)
Accumulate as Tophi (nodules) |
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What is serum sickness?
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A type III hypersensitivity rxn (now usually d/t drugs e.g. SMX).
Ig-Ag complexes deposit in membranes and: - fix complement - recruit PMN's Findings: - Fever - Urticaria - Arthralgias - Proteinuria (GBM damage) - LA Can lead to vasculitis (w/ fibrinous necrosis) |
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What is Niacin derived from? What is it a constitutive of?
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Vit B3 = Niacin
Derived from Trp (tryptophan) Consitutent of NAD+ & NADP+ |
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What diseases are assoicated w/ Vitamin B3?
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Pellagra = severe deficiency (the 3 D's of B3):
- Diarrhea - Dermatitis - Dementia Hartnup Disease = ↓ Trp absorption Carcinoid syndrome (↑ Trp metabolism) INH use (↓B6) |
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What are the possible sites for UMN lesions?
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1) Spine = corticospinal tracts
2) Brainstem: - midbrain - pons - medulla 3) Brain: - internal capsule - pre-central gyrus (1º motor cortex) |
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What is the name of a single mRNA molecule that codes for more than one protein?
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Polycistronic mRNA (usually prokaryotes)
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What part of the brain is affected in Wilson's Disease?
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Putamen (exterior most part of the basal ganglia)
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What part of the brain is affected in Huntington's Disease?
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Caudate nucleus (C-shaped, inferolateral walls of the anterior horns of the lateral ventricles)
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What are the characterstics of Wilson's Dz?
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C-opper is H-ella B-A-D:
C (3): - cirrhosis → carcinoma (HCC) - cornea (kaiser-fleisher rings) - ceruloplasmin ↓ H = Hemolytic anemia B = Basal ganglia (putamen; parkinsonian syx) A = Asterixis D (3): - Dementia - Dyskinesia - Dysarthria |
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What is the flow of CSF?
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CSF is made in Choroid plexus (lateral and 4th ventricles)
1) Lateral ventricles → Interventricular foramen (of Monro) 2) 3rd Ventricle → Cerebral aqueduct 3) 4th Ventricle → foramen of Luschka (Lateral) → foramen of Magendie (Medial) 4) Sub-arachnoid space Resorbed in the arachnoid granulations → Venous sinuses |
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What is noncommunicating hydropcephalus and what are its causes?
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A structural blockage of CSF circulation within the ventricular system.
Causes (ABCD's of W-ater on the brain) - Aqueductal stensosis - Budd-Chiari syndrome - Dandy-Walker syndrome |
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What are the causes of acute pancreatitis?
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All result in autodigestion of the pancreas by its own enzymes (lipase and amylase):
GET SMASHED G - gallstones E - EtOH T - trauma S - steroids M - mumps A - autoimmune S - scorpion bites H - hyperCa / hyperTG E - ERCP (procedure) D - drugs (sulfa) |
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How does 3º Syphilis cause heart disease?
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1) Vasa vasorum arteritis/obliteration
2) Inflammation, ischemia → weakening of the aortic adventitia 3) Thoracic aortic aneurysm → mediastinal widening on CXR and also can dilate the aortic valve ring → AR |
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What is the vaccine, prophylaxis, and treatment for Neisseria meningitides?
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Vaccine = capsular polysaccharide vaccine (doesn't work for type B)
PPx = Rifampin Tx = CefTRIaxone & PCN-G |
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What is a complication of CMV in HIV patients? What is 1st line treatment? If that fails?
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CMV Retinitis
1) Ganciclovir 2) Foscarnet (NOTE: can cause HypoCa and HypoMg) |
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A smoker with very high fever, diarrhea, confusion, and a cough causing chest pain?
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Legionnaire's dz d/t Legionella pneumophila.
Silver stain Charcoal culture (w/ Iron & cysteine) Tx = Erythromycin |