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22 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Describe the function of the skeleton
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1. support
2. leverage 3. Protection 4. storage of calcium and phosphate 5. Red blood cell production in the red marrow |
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Describe the parts of the long bone
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Epiphysis: ends - spongy
Diaphysis: long middle shaft, made of compact bone Articular cartilage: very ends Epiphyseal line: devides sections of the epiphysis. |
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Epiphyseal plates or discs
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Cartilage area of a bone where growth in length occurs; between diaphysis and epiphysis.
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Periosteum
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Surrounds the bone; made of fibrous connective tissue with collagen fibers. Anchors tendon and ligaments and contain the blood vessels and nerves that enter the bones.
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Articular cartilage
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covers ends of bones that will articulate with othe rbnones to prevent rubbing, grinding, and wearing down of the bones (which would result in osteoarthritis).
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What are the nutrients necessary for bone growth.
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Calcium, phosphorus and protein become part of the matrix. Vitamin D3 is needed for absorption of calcium and phosphorus in the small intestine. vitamins A dn C are necessary for the process of ossification.
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Ossification
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the formation of bone matrix.
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What is a "synovial joint"?
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The knee.
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Name the bone classifications:
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Long bones: examples are femur, humerus, radius phalanges etc.
Irregular bones: vertabra and facial Short bones: wrists (carpals) and ankles (tarcals) and patella. Flat Bones: ribs (12 pr), scapula, pelvis, cranial bones. |
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Name the subdivisions of the skeleton and list the bones in each area:
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Axial: skull, vertebrae, rib cage
Appendicular: Pelvis, shoulder and extremities |
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How many bones are in the body?
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206
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Name and locate the major bones of the skull:
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Frontal, Temporal, Parietal, Occipital, Zygomatic, mandible, maxilla, nasal
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Name and locate the major bones of the Neck and trunk:
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atlas (yes)
axis (no) Cervical (7) Thoracic (12 - most protected due to the articulation of the ribs) Lumbar (5 largest and carry most of the weight) sacrum (permits articulation of hip bones) coccyx (remains of the tail vertebra) |
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What is the vertebral foramen?
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the hole in the center where the spinal cord travels.
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What is the vertebral process for?
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are where muscles are attached.
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Describe Ribs:
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12 pair.
First 7 pair are true ribs that articulate directly with the sternum per cartilage False Ribes are the next three pair and articulate with rib #7 Last two FLOATING RIBS don't come all the way around to the sternum. They are embedded in muscles in the chest wall. |
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What are the most fractured ribs?
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Ribs 3 thru 10 because the first two are protected by the clavicles and the last two move freely and give somewhat.
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What is synarthrosis?
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Immovable joints in the bone such as the sutures of the skull which are fibrous connective tissue between the bones.
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What is amphiarthrosis?
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Slightly movable such as between vertebra and pubis. It is a disk of fibrous cartilage between the bones.
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What is diarthrosis?
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Most movable joints:
Ball and socket Hinge Ellipsoidal- pivot - rotation (atlas/axis, Radius/ulna Gliding- side to side (between carpals) Saddle- thumb |
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What are the hormones involved in bone growth and maintenance?
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GH (growth hormone): (anterior pituitary) increases rate of mitosis of chondrocytes and osteoblasts and protein synthesis
Thyroxine: (thyroid) Increases energy production and rate of protein synthesis Insulin: (Pancreas) (PTH) Parathyoid Hormone: (parathyroid glands) Increases the release of calcium from the bones to the blood by activating osteoclasts. Calcitriol: (kidneys) increases absorption of calcium from the small intestine and kidneys into the bloodstream. calcitonin: (thyroid) increases absorption of calcium from the bloodstream back IN to the bone. estrogen and testosterone: Overies and Testes) retains calcium in bones for strength and promotes closure of the epiphysis during puberty. |
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What is myoglobin?
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??
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