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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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An SPO2 reading of OVER (blank percent) is considered to be safe.
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95 percent
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Any SPO2 reading below (blank percent) would need to have supplemental O2.
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96 percent
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Any patient with SPO2 reading below (blank) is considered to be in respiratory distress.
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90%
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COPD patients with "at home" supplemental oxygen have chronic hypoxia and a goal for thier SPO2 should be between (blank and blank percent)
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88 and 92
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Examples of things that cause the pulse ox to be innacurate are:
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Exposure to cold temperatures, hypovolemia, false fingernails, nail polish, carbon monoxide poisoning.
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The measurement of hemoglobin's saturation with oxygen is called (blank).
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Pulse oximetry
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(Blank) is the measurement of carbon dioxide production at the cellular level.
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Capnography
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The term used to describe the amount of carbon dioxide that is being eliminated with each breath is referred to as (blank).
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expired end-title carbon dioxide
(ETCO2) |
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The normal range for ETCO2 is between (blank and blank).
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35 and 45 mmHg
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ETCO2 below 35 is considered low and is the result of (blank).
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hyperventation
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Anything above 45 ETCO2 is considered high and is the result of (blank).
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hypoventilation
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In phase I, the ETCO2 concentration in the very first part of expired air is still essentially (blank).
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zero
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In phase II, CO2 is being exhaled rapidly and the capnogram represents this with a/an (blank).
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rapidly ascending line that is almost straight up.
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Phase III continues to slowly ascend to a peak called point "D" on the capnogram and this is highest concentration of CO2 and is the end of the expiration cycle. Point (blank) is the peak that is recorded as the numeric value on the capnogram.
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"D"
"D" |
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Phase IV is the (blank) phase and the graph descends almost straight down.
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inspiration
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What does a rising base line on a capnogram indicate?
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A rising base line on a capnogram suggests that there is carbon dioxide passing by the sidestream sampler in both expiration and exhalation. This means that the patient is rebreathing carbon dioxide.
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What might be the cause of a rising base line?
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Faulty one-way valves on NRB masks or bag valve respirators or inadequate oxygen flow into an oxygen mask.
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What does slow rise (shark fins wave form) indicate in ETCO2?
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Difficulty exhaling possibly due to bronchospasm.
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In intubated patients, a slanted (slow) phase VI (inhalation) indicates (blank).
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The patient is breathing around the tube. Check to make sure the cuff is inflated properly and that it's the correct size.
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Gradually rising ETCO2 values indicates (blank).
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hypoventilation
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Gradually decreasing wave form on an ETCO2 indicates (blank).
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hyperventilation
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A sudden drop in ETCO2 values indicates (blank).
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sudden severe hypotension
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Sudden drops in previously normal ETCO2 readings indicates that .....
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....something is keeping the carbon dioxide from crossing from the blood into the alveoli. This could be caused by severe hypotension or life-threatening arrhythmia that has produced cardiogenic shock.
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A sudden drop to zero on the capnogram on an intubated patient indates....
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the ET tube has probably been dislodged.
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Capnography can also be used in identifying mainstem intubations. (True or False)
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False
Capnography cannot differentiate between mainstem and proper intubations. |
