Utsw Basic Hormones Of The Endocrine System

Front 1

ADH

Back 1

Antidiuretic Hormone
- Created in the Hypothalamus
- stored in the posterior pituitary gland
-helps control body water balance by reducing urination

ADH is released during a rise of electrolyte concentrations or a drop in blood pressure or volume. Just as the name implies, ADH blocks the diuretic affects of other chemicals therefore decreasing the amount of water lost at the kidneys. ADH is however, inhibited by alcohol which leads to the increased urination when drinking.

Front 2

Oxytocin

Back 2

-created in the hypothalamus and stored in the pitituitary gland.
Causes the smooth muscle of the uterus to constrict during child birth.

-given to women to induce child birth.
-stimulates the contractile cells surrounding the secretory cells of the mammary glands which ejects milk into the ducts.

Front 3

FSH

Back 3

Follicle-stimulating hormone
-promotes egg development in the ovaries and stimulates the secretion of estrogens.
-Supports sperm reproduction in men.

Front 4

TSH

Back 4

Thyrode Stimulating hormone
-stimulates the release of thyroid hormones from the thyroid gland.
-The thyroid hormones then return to the anterior pituitary and inhibit the release of TSH and RH (regulatory hormone) from the hypothalamus (negative feedback)

Front 5

RH

Back 5

Releasing Hormone

-causes the anterior pituitary to release hormones of its own into circulation.

Front 6

IH

Back 6

Inhibiting Hormones
-stop the anterior pituitary from releasing its hormones.

Front 7

ACTH

Back 7

Adrenocorticotropic hormone

-stimulates the release of steroid hormones at the adrenal glands.

Front 8

LH

Back 8

Luteinizing Hormone:

-promotes ovarian secretions of estrogens and progestins to prepare a woman for pregnancy.
-induces ovulation in women
-stimulates the testes to release androgens, the most important being testosterone.

Front 9

PRL

Back 9

Prolactin:

-stimulates the production of mammary glands and production of milk.

Front 10

GH

Back 10

Growth Hormone:

-Stimulates cell growth and replication by increasing rate of protein production.
-All cells respond
-muscle cells and chondrocytes are most sensitive.
-plays a part in mobilizing energy reserves by breaking glycogen from the liver into useable glucose.

Front 11

MSH

Back 11

Melanocyte-stimulating hormone

-Stimulates melanocytes in the skin to produce melanin.
--released during fetal development
--in very young children
--in pregnand women
--in some disease states.

MSH cells in adult humans are nonfunctional. Synthetic forms of MSH are used in "sunless tanning" for darkening of the skin.

Front 12

T4

Back 12

Thyroxine:
-thyroid horomone
-contains four iodine atoms
-increase energy utilization, oxygen consumption, and growth and development.
-travel through cytoplasm and attach to the mitochondrie and increase rate of ATP production.

Front 13

T3

Back 13

Triiodothronine:
-thyroid horomone
-contains three iodine atoms
-increase energy utilization, oxygen consumption, and growth and development.
-travel through cytoplasm and attach to the mitochondrie and increase rate of ATP production.

Front 14

Calcitonin

Back 14

-thyroid horomone
-puts calcium IN the bone
-is released from C-cells sandwiched between the follicle cells and controls the concentration of calcium in the bloodstream. It targets the bones and kidneys to decrease the amount of calcium in the blood and stores it in the bones.

-when there is too much calcium in the blood, calcitonin is released which stimulates "osteoblasts" (bone builders) to gather the excess calcium in the blood and store it in the bone.

Front 15

PTH

Back 15

Parathyroid Hormone
-from the "chief-cells" controls calcium concentrations in the blood stream.
-PTH works on the same target organs as calcitonin but has the opposite affect by increasing the amount of calcium in the blood.
-turns on the "osteoclasts" that "eat bone" and takes calcium out of the bone and puts it into the bloodstream.

Front 16

Aldosterone

Back 16

-it is the principal mineralcorticoid
-targets cells in the kidneys
-causes retention of water and a decreased urine output.
-secreted in response to a hormone called angiotensin II.

Front 17

Glucagon

Back 17

Created in the "Islets of Langerhans" located in patches of the Pancreas.

Alpha cells produce the hormone glucagon. Glucagon increases the blood sugar level by causing the liver to release glucose that was being stored as glycogen.

Front 18

Renin

Back 18

Renin is released by the kidney in response to a decrease in blood volume, blood pressure or both.

Renin starts an enzymatic series of chain reactions that causes the release of aldosterone which causes the retention of sodium - thus water retention.

Front 19

ANP

Back 19

Atrial Natriuritic Peptide (ANP) is released from the walls of the right atrium that respond to increased blood pressures or volumes.

ANP is in response to the cardiac muscle cells being excessively stretched. It signals sodium (and therefore water) excretion from the kidneys. It also decreases aldosterone secretion which also allows more sodium to be lost, thereby decreasing blood pressure.

Front 20

Insulin

Back 20

Created in the "Islets of Langerhans" located in patches of the Pancreas.

Beta cells produce the hormone insulin which decrases blood sugar levels by moving glucose into cells for ATP production.

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Front 22

Epinepherine/ Norepinepherine

Back 22

Epinephrine (also referred to as adrenaline is a hormone and neurotransmitter[1] that participates in the "fight or flight" response of the sympathetic nervous system.[2] It is a catecholamine, a sympathomimetic monoamine produced by the adrenal glands from the amino acids phenylalanine and tyrosine.

The difference between epi and norepinepherine are more in the receptors each hormone binds to than in the effects they produce

Receptors for both are found in skeletal muscle, adipose tissue and in the liver. They cause mobilization of glycogen reserves in skeletal muscle and induce the liver to convert its glycogen stores into glucose.

Triglycerides that are stored in adipose tissue are broken down into fatty acids to be used as additional energy. The heartg also responds by increasing rate and force of contraction.

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