Utm Pharm Chapter 16

Front 1

CNS stimulants

Back 1

a broad class of drugs that stimulate specific areas of the brain or spinal cord. they act by stimulating the excitatory neurons in the brain. generally enhance activity of n. transmitters dopamine, norepinephrine, and serotonin. these drugs elevate mood, increase energy, increace alertness, decrease appetite, and enhance the performance of tasks impaired by fatigue of boredom. Ex: cocaine, amphetamines, caffeine, diet pills.

Front 2

CNS stimulants are used in what 5 areas?

Back 2

ADHD, narcolepsy, anorexiants, antimigraine drugs, analeptics.

Front 3

ADHD

Back 3

attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. most common in children. boys are affected from two to nine times more than girls. symptoms are inappropriate ability to maintain attention span and or the presence of hyperactivity and impulsivity. ususally begins before age 7 and lasts for a least 6 months and occur in a least two different settings. ADHD is commonly associated with depression, bipolar disorder, anxiety and learning difficulties.

Front 4

Narcolepsy

Back 4

an incurable neurology condition in which the pts unexpectedly fall asleep in the middle of normal daily activities.("sleep attacks")one symptom is dysfunctional raped eye movement sleep.

Front 5

Cataplexy

Back 5

an associated symptom in at least 70% of narcolepsy cases. it involves sudden loss of noluntary muscle control with the exception of respiratory and ocular muscles. often associated with strong emotions and the knees buckle and they fall to the floor while still awake.

Front 6

what drugs are the first choice for both adhd and narcolepsy?

Back 6

CNS stimulants.

Front 7

which drug is currently used for both adhd and narcolepsy?

Back 7

amphetamines.

Front 8

amphetamines

Back 8

they stimulate areas of the brain associated with mental alertness, such as the cerbral cortex and the thalamus.

Front 9

respiratory effects of cns stimulants

Back 9

relaxation of bronchial smooth muscle, increased respiration and dilation of pulmonary arteries.

Front 10

what schedule drug are cns stimulants?

Back 10

II

Front 11

cns stimulant drugs include:

Back 11

dexedrine, desoxyn, didrex, adderal, ritalin, concerta.

Front 12

Anorexiants

Back 12

is any substance that suppresses appetite. used to promote weight loss in obesity.

Front 13

Orlistat (xenical)

Back 13

one of the newer anorexiants. works by binding to gastric and pancreatic enzymes called lipases. blocking these enzymes reduces fat absorption by 30%. GI adverse affects: oily spotting, flatuence, and fecal incontinence in 20% to 40% of pts.

Front 14

Sibutramine (Meridia)

Back 14

one of the newest anorexiants and is classified as a schedule IV controlled substance. works by inhibiting the reuptake primarily of norepinephrine and serotonin which reduces appetite.

Front 15

Migrane

Back 15

is a common type of recurring headache usually lasting from 4 to 72 hours.

Front 16

Sumatriptan (Imitrex)

Back 16

anitmigraine drug (serotonin agonist). was the origianl prototype drug for this class. affects the coronary artery so don't give to hypertensive or heart disease pts.

Front 17

Analeptics

Back 17

include doxapram and mehylxanthines aminophylline, theophylline, and caffiene.

Front 18

Aminophylline

Back 18

a prodrug ( a drug formulated for greater solubility to facilitate administration.) that is hydrolyzed to theophylline in the body

Front 19

Theophylline

Back 19

is metabolized to caffiene.

Front 20

caffeine

Back 20

the stimulant effects of caffiene are attributed to its blocking of adenosine receptors in the brain. caffeine is contraindicated in pts with hypersensitivity to it and in pts w/ a history of peptic ulcers or cardiac dysrhythmieas or suffered a myocardial infarction.

Front 21

Doxapram(dopram)

Back 21

another analeptic that is commonly used in conjunction with supportive measures in cases of respiratory depression.

~iv for reversal of anesthesia induced respiratory depression. mixed in D5W and on a pump. do not exceed 1.5mg/kg. can infuse at a rate of 1-3mg/mon. place patient in sims or semifowlers position.

Front 22

what does Orlistat (xenical) interfere with?

Back 22

A,D,E,K fat soluble vitamins.

Front 23

Who do you not give doxapram (dopram) to?

Back 23

newborns, pts with epilepsy or head injury.

Front 24

what do you NOT mix doxapram(dopram) with?

Back 24

alkaline solution that contain thephylline, thiopenal sodium, and bicarbonate.

Front 25

Methylphenidate (Ritalin)

Back 25

most widely prescribed drug of ADHD. should be administered at least 6hrs before bedtime to diminish insomnia. should be given 45 min. before each meal.

Front 26

Methylphenidate (concerta)

Back 26

is longer acting than ritalin. dry mouth is a side effect.

Front 27

what can you do to reduce dry mouth?

Back 27

frequents mouth care, suck on hard candy, or sip fluids.

Front 28

implementation for Phentermine (fastin)

Back 28

take 6 hours before bedtime. 30 min. before meals. dry mouth is side effect. affects aorta.

Front 29

implementation for sibutramine(meridia)

Back 29

therapeutic effects occur at about 6 months. should avoid other CNS stimulants such as coffee, tea, colas. could create heart problems.

Front 30

implementration for serotonin agonist Imitrex

Back 30

wafer that dissolves on the tongue, nasal spray, self injection forms. avoid tyramine containing foods. cheese effect. beer, wine, chees, chocolate, caffeine.