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104 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
The abbreviation Giga means?
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: Billion
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The abbreviation Mega means?
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Million
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The term Kilo means?
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Thousand
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The term Milli means?
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One thousandth
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Which of the following is the proper sequence from lowest to highest?
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nano, micro, milli, centi, deci
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Write 0.000743 in scientific notation.
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7.43 x 10^-4
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How many centimeters are in 6 meters?
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600 cm
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Convert 9,000 grams into kilograms
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9kg
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The ___________ is a way to express the difference or ratio between two #’s.
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A: decibel
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Write 0.000743 in scientific notation
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7.43 x 10^-4
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10^3, 10 is the _________.
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base
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For 10^3, 3 is the __________.
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exponent
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1 & 1/3 + 2 + ¾ =
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49/12 or 4 & 1/12
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2 & ¼ x 3 &1/3 x 1 & 1/5=
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10
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Which of the following is correct?
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2/3 = 8/12
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Which is the equivalent decimal number for three hundred ten thousandths.
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1.310
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Express 3/8 as a decimal
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0.375
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Express 0.75 as a %.
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75%
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Express 35 as a %.
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3500%
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Express 420% as a decimal
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4.2
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3x – 4 = 8, solve for x.
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4.2
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3x – 4 = 8, solve for x.
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x=4
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log x = 4
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10^4 =x, therefore x=10,000
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log 100 =
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10^x = 100, therefore x=2
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Simplify: 2^8
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256
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How many times does 4 have to be multiplied by itself to reach 64?
Write this exponentially. |
A: 3
A: 4^3 = 64 |
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What does the term “propagate” mean?
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Travel through a medium.
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An ultrasound wave can be described as
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Longitudinal, mechanical wave
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What is the medium for diagnostic ultrasound?
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tissue
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Mechanical waves do not need a medium to transmit their energy.
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false
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Sound is…
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within 20-20,000 Hz, or 20Hz- 20,000 Hz
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What are the acoustic variables?
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Temperature, density, particle motion, and pressure
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The propagation of speed of sound refers to.
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the velocity of sound in the body
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Reflection is…
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Change of direction of the sound wave.
a basic principal of ultrasound imaging |
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what percentage of sonographers live with chronic pain?
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80%
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what controls compensate for antinnuation?
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TCG/DCG
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what is DICOM?
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computer language of medicine
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what is output display?
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level of energy emitted by a transducer
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what is doppler gain control?
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effects peak velocity measurement
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What is a spectal doppler trace?
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timing, direction and flow of blood
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What control is used to better align doppler angle?
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auto angle correct
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the best angle for corrct doppler blood flow info?
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parallel or 0 degree
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what is aliasing?
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doppler trace wraps around scale
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what are wall filters?
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subtracts low velocity, high amplitude signals
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what is needed of reflection to occur?
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impedence mismatch
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how does sound propagate?
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waves though a medium
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what are areas of high and low pressure in a wave?
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high=compression
low=rarefraction |
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what function allows for expanding and re-scanning an area?
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zoom
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what control automatically detects tissue borders
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tissure equalization
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what is needed for sound to travel?
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a medium
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what part of a sound beam has the best resolution?
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focus or focal point
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what is used to overcome the gray scale limitations of the eye?
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B-color
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what increase in frame rate, therefore increase image quality?
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narrow image width
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what causes cracks in the transducer wire?
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carelessness, running over cable
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A transducer is…
a. A device used to convert sound picture b. A device that converts energy from one form to another c. A device that only creates sound d. None of the Above |
b. A device that converts energy from one form to another
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What happens when electricity is applied to a piezoelectric crystal?
a. It begins to oscillate and create a sound beam b. Produces and image c. These aren’t used in ultrasound imaging d. Creates and electric current |
a. It begins to oscillate and create a sound beam
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An array transducer simply means that…
a. There are multiple crystals b. There are different transducers c No effect on imaging d. There is backing material |
a. There are multiple crystals
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There are _____ types of array transducers.
a. 1 b. 3 c. 5 d. 7 |
C. 5
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Ultrasound is sound with a frequency…
a. 20-20,000 Hz b. >20 kHz c. <20 kHz d. >20,000 kHz e. <20,000 kHz |
b. >20 kHz
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The lower the frequency the…
a. Less depth of penetration b. More depth of penetration c. Had no effect on depth of penetration |
b. More depth of penetration
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True / False: Transducers can operate at multiple frequencies.
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true
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Pedoff transducer has…
a. One crystal split into two pieces b.Multiple crystals for imaging c. Used for imaging and Doppler d.Many crystals for doing Doppler in PW/CW modes |
a. One crystal split into two pieces
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A multidimensional transducer is employed in the creation of…
a. 2D imaging b. 3D imaging c. Doppler only imaging d. Used in OB-GYN exams only |
b. 3D imaging
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_____ frequencies are multiples of the fundamental frequency.
a. Lower b. Higher c. Resonant d. Harmonic e. Center |
d.Harmonic
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Doppler shift is the _____ between the _____ and _____ frequency.
a. Summation, transmitted, received b. Transmission, crystal, transmitted c. Difference, transmitted, received d. Opposite, crystal, Doppler |
c. Difference, transmitted, received
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Spectral Doppler gives information on…
a. Velocity and direction of flow b. Mean pressure and maximum area c. Frequency of the transducer d. Only positive Doppler shifts |
a. Velocity and direction of flow
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On Doppler spectral trace: the vertical axis shows _____ and the horizontal axis shows _____
a. Time, velocity b. Time, frequency c. Velocity, frequency d. Velocity, time |
d.Velocity, time
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True / False: Too much gain can affect peak velocity measurements.
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true
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Doppler wall filters…
a. Filter out too much information (Do not use!) b. Filter out low velocity, low amplitude signals c. Filter out high velocity, high amplitude signals d. Filter out low velocity, high amplitude signals |
d. Filter out low velocity, high amplitude signals
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What is the Doppler formula?
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fdop = 2 fo v cos θ
c |
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Cosine θ…
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a.Angle between the sound beam and reflector
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fdop…
a. Doppler shift b. Transducer frequency c. Velocity of moving blood |
a. Doppler shift
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v…
a. Frequency of blood b. Velocity of moving targets c. Volume of blood flow |
b. Velocity of moving targets
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c…
a. Constant b. Speed of sound c. Clinical Doppler shift d. Blood cell velocity |
a. Constant
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Definition of sound:
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sound is energy that travels through a medium
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What type of wave is sound:
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mechanical,longitudinal
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How does sound propagate:
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rarefaction and compression
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What is the range equation:
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D=R x T/2
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Maximum frame rate:
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77,000 cm
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What happens if you overgain or undergain your doppler spectrum:
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you may over or under estimate Peak velocity measurements (info is squared)
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Reasons to obtain be parallel to blood flow with Doppler
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Correct Timing duration amplitude of blood flow
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What is the distance equation:
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distance=time x rate or D=T xR
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Centi means
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0ne-one-hundreth
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Levels of sound
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Ultra>20,000 Hz audible 20-20,000 Hz Infra<20 Hz
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What is used for a stress echo:
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quad screen
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Peripheral pieces of equiptment
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printer VCR
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Ultrasound Operating modes
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2-D spectral Doppler color Doppler
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Doppler modes what 4 modes
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CW PW DTI Pedoff
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Items on a Doppler display
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scale, axis sample volume or gate, invert, sweep speed, gain Doppler spectral info.
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Doppler effect:
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states that there is a change in the frequency of a sound wave relative to the motion of the source and/or receiver/observer
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Uses blood pressure type cuffs to sense changes in blood volume:
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plethysmography
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Uses an infrared light source to sense changes in blood volume:
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photoplethysmography
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What is operating mode used primarlly in cardiac ultrasound:
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M-mode
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Transducer definition:
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converts one form of energy to another
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What is the Piezo-electric effect
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a pressure (mechanical) wave is converted to an electrical wave
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Non ultrasound types of transducers
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radio microphone lightbulb
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5 types of array transducers sector,
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linear array, , annular phased array, curved linear
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Correct frequency for deep penetration, best resolution frequency
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deep =low freq 2mHz resolution=high freq.
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What does a transducer do?
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convert energy from one form to another
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List different types of applications
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carotid, pediatric, adult echo, etc.
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Storage devices on Ultrasound machine
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VCR CD
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Different ways an image is displayed
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up, down. Left, right
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What are the basic components of an ultrasound transducer
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lens, element, backing material, wire, matching layer,
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Draw a simple transducer
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x
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