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104 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
The abbreviation Giga means?
: Billion
The abbreviation Mega means?
Million
The term Kilo means?
Thousand
The term Milli means?
One thousandth
Which of the following is the proper sequence from lowest to highest?
nano, micro, milli, centi, deci
Write 0.000743 in scientific notation.
7.43 x 10^-4
How many centimeters are in 6 meters?
600 cm
Convert 9,000 grams into kilograms
9kg
The ___________ is a way to express the difference or ratio between two #’s.
A: decibel
Write 0.000743 in scientific notation
7.43 x 10^-4
10^3, 10 is the _________.
base
For 10^3, 3 is the __________.
exponent
1 & 1/3 + 2 + ¾ =
49/12 or 4 & 1/12
2 & ¼ x 3 &1/3 x 1 & 1/5=
10
Which of the following is correct?
2/3 = 8/12
Which is the equivalent decimal number for three hundred ten thousandths.
1.310
Express 3/8 as a decimal
0.375
Express 0.75 as a %.
75%
Express 35 as a %.
3500%
Express 420% as a decimal
4.2
3x – 4 = 8, solve for x.
4.2
3x – 4 = 8, solve for x.
x=4
log x = 4
10^4 =x, therefore x=10,000
log 100 =
10^x = 100, therefore x=2
Simplify: 2^8
256
How many times does 4 have to be multiplied by itself to reach 64?
Write this exponentially.
A: 3

A: 4^3 = 64
What does the term “propagate” mean?
Travel through a medium.
An ultrasound wave can be described as
Longitudinal, mechanical wave
What is the medium for diagnostic ultrasound?
tissue
Mechanical waves do not need a medium to transmit their energy.
false
Sound is…
within 20-20,000 Hz, or 20Hz- 20,000 Hz
What are the acoustic variables?
Temperature, density, particle motion, and pressure
The propagation of speed of sound refers to.
the velocity of sound in the body
Reflection is…
Change of direction of the sound wave.
a basic principal of ultrasound imaging
what percentage of sonographers live with chronic pain?
80%
what controls compensate for antinnuation?
TCG/DCG
what is DICOM?
computer language of medicine
what is output display?
level of energy emitted by a transducer
what is doppler gain control?
effects peak velocity measurement
What is a spectal doppler trace?
timing, direction and flow of blood
What control is used to better align doppler angle?
auto angle correct
the best angle for corrct doppler blood flow info?
parallel or 0 degree
what is aliasing?
doppler trace wraps around scale
what are wall filters?
subtracts low velocity, high amplitude signals
what is needed of reflection to occur?
impedence mismatch
how does sound propagate?
waves though a medium
what are areas of high and low pressure in a wave?
high=compression
low=rarefraction
what function allows for expanding and re-scanning an area?
zoom
what control automatically detects tissue borders
tissure equalization
what is needed for sound to travel?
a medium
what part of a sound beam has the best resolution?
focus or focal point
what is used to overcome the gray scale limitations of the eye?
B-color
what increase in frame rate, therefore increase image quality?
narrow image width
what causes cracks in the transducer wire?
carelessness, running over cable
A transducer is…
a. A device used to convert sound picture
b. A device that converts energy from one form to another
c. A device that only creates sound
d. None of the Above
b. A device that converts energy from one form to another
What happens when electricity is applied to a piezoelectric crystal?
a. It begins to oscillate and create a sound beam
b. Produces and image
c. These aren’t used in ultrasound imaging
d. Creates and electric current
a. It begins to oscillate and create a sound beam
An array transducer simply means that…
a. There are multiple crystals
b. There are different transducers
c No effect on imaging
d. There is backing material
a. There are multiple crystals
There are _____ types of array transducers.
a. 1
b. 3
c. 5
d. 7
C. 5
Ultrasound is sound with a frequency…
a. 20-20,000 Hz
b. >20 kHz
c. <20 kHz
d. >20,000 kHz
e. <20,000 kHz
b. >20 kHz
The lower the frequency the…
a. Less depth of penetration
b. More depth of penetration
c. Had no effect on depth of penetration
b. More depth of penetration
True / False: Transducers can operate at multiple frequencies.
true
Pedoff transducer has…
a. One crystal split into two pieces
b.Multiple crystals for imaging
c. Used for imaging and Doppler
d.Many crystals for doing Doppler in PW/CW modes
a. One crystal split into two pieces
A multidimensional transducer is employed in the creation of…
a. 2D imaging
b. 3D imaging
c. Doppler only imaging
d. Used in OB-GYN exams only
b. 3D imaging
_____ frequencies are multiples of the fundamental frequency.
a. Lower
b. Higher
c. Resonant
d. Harmonic
e. Center
d.Harmonic
Doppler shift is the _____ between the _____ and _____ frequency.
a. Summation, transmitted, received
b. Transmission, crystal, transmitted
c. Difference, transmitted, received
d. Opposite, crystal, Doppler
c. Difference, transmitted, received
Spectral Doppler gives information on…
a. Velocity and direction of flow
b. Mean pressure and maximum area
c. Frequency of the transducer
d. Only positive Doppler shifts
a. Velocity and direction of flow
On Doppler spectral trace: the vertical axis shows _____ and the horizontal axis shows _____
a. Time, velocity
b. Time, frequency
c. Velocity, frequency
d. Velocity, time
d.Velocity, time
True / False: Too much gain can affect peak velocity measurements.
true
Doppler wall filters…
a. Filter out too much information (Do not use!)
b. Filter out low velocity, low amplitude signals
c. Filter out high velocity, high amplitude signals
d. Filter out low velocity, high amplitude signals
d. Filter out low velocity, high amplitude signals
What is the Doppler formula?
fdop = 2 fo v cos θ
c
Cosine θ…
a.Angle between the sound beam and reflector
fdop…
a. Doppler shift
b. Transducer frequency
c. Velocity of moving blood
a. Doppler shift
v…
a. Frequency of blood
b. Velocity of moving targets
c. Volume of blood flow
b. Velocity of moving targets
c…
a. Constant
b. Speed of sound
c. Clinical Doppler shift
d. Blood cell velocity
a. Constant
Definition of sound:
sound is energy that travels through a medium
What type of wave is sound:
mechanical,longitudinal
How does sound propagate:
rarefaction and compression
What is the range equation:
D=R x T/2
Maximum frame rate:
77,000 cm
What happens if you overgain or undergain your doppler spectrum:
you may over or under estimate Peak velocity measurements (info is squared)
Reasons to obtain be parallel to blood flow with Doppler
Correct Timing duration amplitude of blood flow
What is the distance equation:
distance=time x rate or D=T xR
Centi means
0ne-one-hundreth
Levels of sound
Ultra>20,000 Hz audible 20-20,000 Hz Infra<20 Hz
What is used for a stress echo:
quad screen
Peripheral pieces of equiptment
printer VCR
Ultrasound Operating modes
2-D spectral Doppler color Doppler
Doppler modes what 4 modes
CW PW DTI Pedoff
Items on a Doppler display
scale, axis sample volume or gate, invert, sweep speed, gain Doppler spectral info.
Doppler effect:
states that there is a change in the frequency of a sound wave relative to the motion of the source and/or receiver/observer
Uses blood pressure type cuffs to sense changes in blood volume:
plethysmography
Uses an infrared light source to sense changes in blood volume:
photoplethysmography
What is operating mode used primarlly in cardiac ultrasound:
M-mode
Transducer definition:
converts one form of energy to another
What is the Piezo-electric effect
a pressure (mechanical) wave is converted to an electrical wave
Non ultrasound types of transducers
radio microphone lightbulb
5 types of array transducers sector,
linear array, , annular phased array, curved linear
Correct frequency for deep penetration, best resolution frequency
deep =low freq 2mHz resolution=high freq.
What does a transducer do?
convert energy from one form to another
List different types of applications
carotid, pediatric, adult echo, etc.
Storage devices on Ultrasound machine
VCR CD
Different ways an image is displayed
up, down. Left, right
What are the basic components of an ultrasound transducer
lens, element, backing material, wire, matching layer,
Draw a simple transducer
x