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87 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Most common sex for UTI
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Females, because they lack a postate, that secretes protective secretion against infections. As well as having a shorter urethra.
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Most common cause of uncomplicated UTI
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E.Coli
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Caused by anatomical obstructions or from catheterization and hospitalization
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Complicated UTI
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Leukocyte Esterase
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released from inflammatory cells found in UTI dipstick tests
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Main treatments used for uncomplicated UTI's
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Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, norfloxacin, or ciprofloxacin.
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Gram Negative rod, lactose fermenter, oxidase negative, indole positive
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E.Coli
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Risky for women, catheterized patients, and neonates
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E.Coli
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Cystitis and pyelonephritis
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E.Coli
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Type 1 Fimbria (fimH) and P pilli (pyelonephritis associated pili, (PAP)
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Virulence factors and adhesion factors of E.Coli
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Hemolysin (HlyA)
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lyse RBC and cells that contribute to inflammation during E.Coli
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Lactose, Oxidase and Indole Postive
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E.Coli
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Ring part of tryptophan that is broken down
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Indole, by E.Coli
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Gram positive cocci, catalase positive, coagulase negative, non-hemolytic, non-mannitol fermenter, grow at 7.5NaCl.
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Staphylococcus Saprophyticus
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Causes urithritis in young sexually active women
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Staphylococcus Saprophyticus
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Non Mannitol Fermenter
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Staphylococcus Saprophyticus
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Non Novobiocin Sens.
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Staphylococcus Saprophyticus
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Novobiocin Sens.
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Staph. Epidermidis
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Gram positive cocci in chains/pairs, catalase negative, bacitracin and optochin resistant, grow in 6.5% NaCl and 40%bile
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Enterococcus faecalis
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Hospitalization, braod spectrum antibiotic treatment esp. with vancomycin; catherterizations.
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Enterococcus faecalis
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Resistant to Vancomycin
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Enterococcus faecalis
Klebsiella |
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Most common bacteria in the gut are
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Aerobic Bacteria
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Lancfield Group D postivie
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Enterococcus faecalis
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Gram negative rods, lactose fermenter, non-motile
Highly mucoid colonies because of large capsule |
Klebsiella
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Proteus species that are sensitive to penicillin
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P.mirabilis
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Proteus species that are not sensitive to penicillin
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P. Vulgaris
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Non lactose fermenter, urease +, flagella, swarming colonies
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Proteus spp.
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Urease Postive organisms
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Proteus spp.
H.Pylori |
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Cystitis
Nephrolithiasis Pyelonephritis |
Proteus spp.
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Nosocomial
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Proteus
E.Coli |
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Stone formation in Proteus
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Urea - NH3 + CO2, increase pH precipitation of magnesium ammonium phosphate
Bacteria hide inside the stones, and cause recurrence. |
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High pH, or smell of NH3
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Proteus spp.
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There are presence of casts in the urine due to mineralization
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Proteus spp.
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Papovaviridae, Naked ds DNA virus, Polyomavirus
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BK virus
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Respiratory Spread, found in the kidney as well
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BK virus
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Is reactivated with organ transplants and the person sheds the virus in the urine
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BK virus
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Urine sample and found in renal biopsy
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BK virus
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Hyrolyzes Esculin
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E.Fecalis
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Novobiocin Resistant
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Staph. Saprophyticus
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Produces urease
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Proteus
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Fever, rigors, back pain, and mild dysuria. non lactose fermenting swarming colonies
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Proteus spp.
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Complications are seen more in males and are asymptomatic for females
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UTI's
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Bacterial vaginosis
Vaginitis Urethritis/Cervicitis PID |
Vaginal and Urethral discharge
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Most prevelent STD in the US
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Chlamidya
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Vaginal discharge, irritation and itching, in 1/5 of women
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Vaginosis/vaginitis/vulvovaginitis
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Polymicrobial Infections involving primarily anaerobic bacteria
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Bacterial Vaginosis
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Disruption of the balance between the normal flora resulting in an overgrowth of certain bacteria
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Bacterial Vaginosis
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White gray/vaginal discharge with milk like consistency, unpleasant odor (gets stronger after having sex), minimal pre vaginal itching or irritation.
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Bacterial Vaginosis
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Diagnosing BV
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1. Thin homogeneous discharge
2. pH of vaginal discharge is higher than 4.5 3. Clue cells in saline wet mount or gram stain of vaginal discharge 4. Whiff test: Mixture of vaginal discharge and 10% KOH liberates an "amine like" or "fishy" odor. |
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Treatments of Anaorboic Bacteria
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Metronidazole and Clindamycin
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Yeast infection in the vagina
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Candida Albicans
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Disease due to overgrowth, physiological condition, pH increased, sugar, decreased normal flora
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Candida Albicans
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Thick, curd/cottage cheese like vaginal discharge
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Candida Albicans
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Vulvovaginal Cadidiasis
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Candida Albicans
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Pseudohyphae yeast
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Candida Albicans
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Flagellated protozoan, water, foul-smelling, greenish foam
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Trichomoniasis
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Fishy odor
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Bacterial Vaginosis
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Foul smelling
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Trichomoniasis
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Absent odor
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Vulvovaginal Candidiasis
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Thin, white (milky) gray.
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Bacterial Vaginosis
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Yellow, green, frothy
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Trichomoniasis
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White,curdy, "cottage cheese"
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Vulvovaginal Candidiasis
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Lactobacilli, epithelial cells
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Normal Vaginal Flor
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Clue Cells
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Vaginosis
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Endometritis, Salpingitis, tubo-ovarian, pelvic peritonitis
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PIDs
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May result in ectopic pregnancy, infertility
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PIDs
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Gram negative, diplococcus, bean shaped, oxidase and catalase positive, ferments glucose BUT NOT MALTOSE
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Neisseria gonorrheae
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People who are compliment C6-C9 are at risk of
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Neisseria gonorrheae
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Avoids immune attack by IgA proteases
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Neisseria gonorrheae
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Structure contains pilli, Rmp, Por, Opa, and LOS
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Neisseria gonorrheae
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LOS
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Similar to LPS but lack the O antigen
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Initial binding to epithelial cells and antiphagocytic
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Pilin
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Mediates firm adhesion to eukaryotic cells
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Opa
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Pormotes intracellular survival by preventing phagolysosome formation in neutrophils
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Por
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Elicits formation of ineffective antibodies that block bactericidal antibodies against pilin and LOS
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Rmp
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Elicits inflammatory response, triggers release of pro inflammatory cytokines
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LOS
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Antigenic switching within the same bacteria
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Neisseria gonorrheae from Pili to Opa
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Gentourinary tract, eye, rectum, throat.
Characterized by a marked local neutrophilic response, purulent discharge |
Gonococcal Disease
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Lower genitourinary tract system infection cause by Gonococcal Disease
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Urethritis, Cervicitis
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Upper reproductive system infections
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Epididymitis, Endometritis, Salpingitis, tubo ovarian abscesses
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Fitz-Hugh-Curtis Syndrome
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PID in woman causing Acute perihepatitis
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Acute Perihepatitis
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Occurs when there is an infection that spreads from the fallopian tube to the liver capsule and overlying peritoneum.
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Severy pain in the upper right part of the abdomen
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Fitz-Hugh-Curtis Syndrome
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Violin String Laporoscopy
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Shown as adhesions between the liver and the peritoneum in Fitz-Hugh-Curtis Syndrome
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Arthritis and joint infections
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Dissemeinated gonococcal infections
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Thayar Martin/or New York City medium
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Culturing medims for Gonococcal Diseases
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Chocolate agar and anti-biotics to inhibit other organisms, Require 5% CO2
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Thayar Martin
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Positive Oxidase test, and Positive NYC media, Maltose Negative
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N. Gonorrhoeae
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