Utah Aemt Pharmacology

Front 1

Albuterol
Names:

Back 1

Accuneb
Proventil
Ventolin
VoSpire ER
ProAir HFA

Front 2

Albuterol
Mechanism of Action:

Back 2

Sympathomimetic amine, beta-adrenergic agonist that selectively acts of the beta (2)-adrenergic receptors. This results in bronchial smooth muscle relaxation.

Front 3

Albuterol
Indications:

Back 3

Asthma, acute bronchospasm

Front 4

Albuterol
Contraindications:

Back 4

Hypersensitivity to albuterol

Front 5

Albuterol
Complications:

Back 5

Hypokalemia, a-fib, MI, diabetic ketoacidosis, pulmonary edema, SVT, paradoxical bronchospasm

Front 6

Albuterol
Routes of Administration:

Back 6

Inhalation

Front 7

Albuterol
Side Effects:

Back 7

CP, tremors, HA, dizziness, nervousness/anxiety

Front 8

Albuterol
Interactions:

Back 8

Atomoxetine, betablockers, monoamine oxidase inhibitors, digoxin

Front 9

Albuterol
Dosing:

Back 9

Adult Dosing:
2.5mg in 3mL NS, no max
Pediatric Dosing:
1years and older
2.5mg in 3mL NS, no max

Front 10

Albuterol
Special Considerations:

Back 10

Pregnancy, hyperthyroidism, cardiovascular disorders, diabetes

Front 11

Aspirin (ASA)
Names:

Back 11

Ecotrin
Bayer
Ascriptin
Aspergum
Aspirtab
Easpirin
Ecpirin
Entercote

Front 12

Aspirin (ASA)
Mechanism of Action:

Back 12

Inhibitor of prostaglandin synthesis and platelet aggregation.

Front 13

Aspirin (ASA)
Indications:

Back 13

MI, Fever, Pain

Front 14

Aspirin (ASA)
Contraindications:

Back 14

Hypersensitivity to NSAIDS or ASA, children/teens with chickenpox or flu symptoms (Reye's Syndrome), asthma, rhinitis

Front 15

Aspirin (ASA)
Complications:

Back 15

Reye's Syndrome, bleeding, gastrointestinal distress

Front 16

Aspirin (ASA)
Routes of Administration:

Back 16

Oral (Chewing is preferred in cardiac cases)

Front 17

Aspirin (ASA)
Side Effects:

Back 17

GI ulcers, bleeding, tinnitus, bronchospasm, angioedema, Reye's syndrome, nausea, vomiting, dyspepsia

Front 18

Aspirin (ASA)
Interactions:

Back 18

Heparin, influenza vaccine, ketorolac, warfarin, antiplatelet agents, fluoxetine, varicella virus, NSAIDS

Front 19

Aspirin (ASA)
Dosing:

Back 19

Adult Dose:
324mg PO (2-4 children's aspirin), Max 324mg
DO NOT CHEW ENTERIC COATED
Pediatric Dose:
Not recommended

Front 20

Aspirin (ASA)
Special Considerations:

Back 20

Pregnancy, alcohol ingestion, take drug with 8oz of water, take with food or milk.

Front 21

Dextrose (50%)
Names:

Back 21

Insta-Glucose
Dex4
Enfamil Glucose
Glutol
Glutose
Similac Glucose
CVS Glucose

Front 22

Dextrose (50%)
Mechanism of action:

Back 22

Provides a source of water and carbohydrate.

Front 23

Dextrose (50%)
Indications:

Back 23

Hypoglycemia

Front 24

Dextrose (50%)
Contraindications:

Back 24

Simultaneous administration with blood products through same infusion set.

Front 25

Dextrose (50%)
Complications:

Back 25

IV site extravasation, cerebral hemorrhage, cerebral ischemia, pulmonary edema.

Front 26

Dextrose (50%)
Routes of Administration:

Back 26

IV/IO

Front 27

Dextrose (50%)
Side Effects:

Back 27

Hyperglycemia

Front 28

Dextrose (50%)
Interactions:

Back 28

Blood products

Front 29

Dextrose (50%)
Dosing:

Back 29

Adult Dose:
25g IV push, no max
Pediatric Dose:
D25% (< 6mo)
0.5g/kg IV/IO, max 25g
D50% (6mo & greater)
0.5g/kg D50 IV/IO

Front 30

Dextrose (50%)
Special Considerations:

Back 30

Pregnancy, Diabetes, Possible head injuries

Front 31

Epinephrine
Names:

Back 31

Epipen
Twinject
Adrenalin Chloride
Adrenaclick

Front 32

Epinephrine
Mechanism of Action:

Back 32

Sympathomimetic catecholamine. Causes vasoconstriction through its effect on alpha-adrenergic receptors to counter vasodilation and increased vascular permeability. Induces relaxation of bronchial smooth muscle by acting on beta-adrenergic receptors to alleviate wheezing and dyspnea.

Front 33

Epinephrine
Indications:

Back 33

Anaphylaxis, Asthma

Front 34

Epinephrine
Contraindications:

Back 34

Tachydysrhythmias, CAD

Front 35

Epinephrine
Complications:

Back 35

Cardiac dysrhythmias, v-fib, cerebral hemorrhage, pulmonary edema.

Front 36

Epinephrine
Routes of Administration:

Back 36

IM & SQ

Front 37

Epinephrine
Side Effects:

Back 37

Tachydysrythmias, v-tach, v-fib, angina, HTN, CP, tremors, HA, dizziness or nervousness

Front 38

Epinephrine
Interactions:

Back 38

Betablockers, tricyclic antidepressants, digoxin, promethazine

Front 39

Epinephrine
Dosing:

Back 39

Adult Dose:
0.5mg IM/SQ (1:1000), Max dose 1.5mg
Pediatric Dose:
0.01mg/kg IM/SQ (1:1000) Max dose 1.5mg

Front 40

Epinephrine
Special Considerations:

Back 40

Hold auto injector for at least 10 sec, Pregnancy

Front 41

Glucagon
Names:

Back 41

Glucagen
Glucagon

Front 42

Glucagon
Mechanism of action:

Back 42

Induces liver glycogen breakdown, releasing glucose from the liver.

Front 43

Glucagon
Indications:

Back 43

Hypoglycemia

Front 44

Glucagon
Contraindications:

Back 44

Hypersensitivity to glucagon, lactose or any components of the product, insulinoma

Front 45

Glucagon
Complications:

Back 45

None

Front 46

Glucagon
Routes of Administration:

Back 46

IM

Front 47

Glucagon
Side Effects:

Back 47

Rash, Nausea, Vomiting

Front 48

Glucagon
Interactions:

Back 48

Oral anticoagulants

Front 49

Glucagon
Dosing:

Back 49

Adult Dose:
1mg IM
Pediatric Dose:
<20kg
0.5mg SQ/IM, Max dose 1mg
>20kg
1mg SQ/IM, Max dose 1mg

Front 50

Glucagon
Special Considerations:

Back 50

Give patient something to eat as soon as patient is alert and oriented. IM glucagon can take time to work.

Front 51

Glucose
Names:

Back 51

Glutose
Dex4
Insta-glucose

Front 52

Glucose
Mechanism of Action:

Back 52

Provides a source of water and carbohydrate, may minimize liver glycogen depletion.

Front 53

Glucose
Indications:

Back 53

Hypoglycemia

Front 54

Glucose
Contraindications:

Back 54

Unconscious patients, patient's unable to protect airway.

Front 55

Glucose
Complications:

Back 55

None

Front 56

Glucose:
Routes of Administration:

Back 56

Oral
Tabs and jelly.

Front 57

Glucose
Side Effects:

Back 57

Hyperglycemia, emesis.

Front 58

Glucose
Interactions:

Back 58

None

Front 59

Glucose
Dose:

Back 59

Adult dosing:
1 tube
Pediatric Dosing:
1 tube

Front 60

Glucose
Special Considerations:

Back 60

Give only to patients who are awake and able to protect their airway. Administer slowly. Make sure patient gets additional nutrients to ensure glucose remains in normal range.

Front 61

Normal Saline
Names:

Back 61

0.9% Sodium Chloride

Front 62

Normal Saline
Mechanism of Action:

Back 62

Source of water and electrolyte. Expand intravenous volume.

Front 63

Normal Saline
Indications:

Back 63

Hypovolemia, hyperthermia, should be used to maintain patency of IV lines.

Front 64

Normal Saline
Contraindications:

Back 64

Cardiac insufficiency, edema, impaired renal function, increased ICP. Benefits need to be weighed against possible negatives.

Front 65

Normal Saline
Complications:

Back 65

CHF, hypernatremia, DIC, overhydration

Front 66

Normal Saline
Routes of Administration:

Back 66

IV

Front 67

Normal Saline
Side Effects:

Back 67

Phlebitis, IV site extravasation, hypervolemia, urinary frequency, decrease in patient's temperature (dependent on NS temperature).

Front 68

Normal Saline
Interactions:

Back 68

None

Front 69

Normal Saline
Dosing:

Back 69

Adult Dosing:
500mL bolus, unless directed by medical control.
Pediatric Dosing:
20mL/kg bolus.

Front 70

Normal Saline
Special Considerations:

Back 70

Impaired renal function, edema, cardiac insufficiency.

Front 71

Lactated Ringers
Names:

Back 71

Lactated Ringers
Ringers Lactate

Front 72

Lactated Ringers
Mechanism of Action:

Back 72

Provide sources of water and electrolytes. Resembles normal plasma and the solution is therefore suitable for parenteral replacement of extracellular losses of fluid and electrolytes.

Front 73

Lactated Ringers
Indications:

Back 73

Replacement of extracellular losses of fluid and electrolytes.

Front 74

Lactated Ringers
Contraindications:

Back 74

Lactic acidosis

Front 75

Lactated Ringers
Complications:

Back 75

Changes in fluid balance and electrolyte concentrations. Metabolic Acidosis

Front 76

Lactated Ringers
Routes of Administration:

Back 76

IV/IO

Front 77

Lactated Ringers
Side Effects:

Back 77

Febrile response, injection site extravasation, phlebitis, thrombosis, hypervolemia.

Front 78

Lactated Ringers
Interactions:

Back 78

Ceftriaxone

Front 79

Lactated Ringers
Dosing:

Back 79

Adult Dosing:
500mL bolus, unless directed by medical control.
Pediatric Dosing:
20mL/kg bolus.

Front 80

Lactated Ringers
Special Considerations:

Back 80

Renal insufficiency patients, edema, alkalosis.

Front 81

Naloxone
Names:

Back 81

Narcan

Front 82

Naloxone
Mechanism of Action:

Back 82

Opioid antagonist. Competes for opiate receptor sites in the CNS.

Front 83

Naloxone
Indications:

Back 83

Opiate OD, coma, reversal of opiate.

Front 84

Naloxone
Contraindications:

Back 84

Hypersensitivity to naloxone.

Front 85

Naloxone
Complications:

Back 85

Cardiac arrest, hypertension, v-fib, v-tach, dyspnea, pulmonary edema.

Front 86

Naloxone
Routes of Administration:

Back 86

IV/IM/IO/Nasal

Front 87

Naloxone
Side Effects:

Back 87

Opioid withdrawal.

Front 88

Naloxone
Interactions:

Back 88

Yohimbine, clonidine

Front 89

Naloxone
Dosing:

Back 89

Adult dosing:
2mg IV/IM/IO/Nasal, no max dose.
Pediatric Dosing:
0.1mg/kg IV/ET/IO/Nasal, max dose 2mg

Front 90

Naloxone
Special Considerations:

Back 90

Can cause acute withdrawal syndrome. Titrating doses of Naloxone may be best.

Front 91

Nitroglycerin
Names:

Back 91

NitroMist
Nitrek
Nitrotab
Nitrostat
Nitrolingual
Nitro-Dur
Nitro-Bid
Minitran

Front 92

Nitroglycerin
Mechanism of Action:

Back 92

Vasodilating agent that relieves tension on vascular smooth muscle and dilates peripheral veins and arteries.

Front 93

Nitroglycerin
Indications:

Back 93

ACS, angina, hypertension, CHF with APE

Front 94

Nitroglycerin
Contraindications:

Back 94

Systolic BP below 90mmhg, hypovolemia, intracranial bleeding, aortic stenosis, R ventricle infarct, severe bradycardia or tachycardia, recent use of Cialis, Viagra, or Levitra.

Front 95

Nitroglycerin
Complications:

Back 95

Hypotension, anaphylactic reaction

Front 96

Nitroglycerin
Routes of Administration:

Back 96

PO, sublingual, transdermal

Front 97

Nitroglycerin
Side Effects:

Back 97

Hypotension, flushing of skin, dizziness, HA, lightheadedness.

Front 98

Nitroglycerin
Interactions:

Back 98

Alteplase, heparin, acetylcysteine, aspirin, nitric oxide, ETOH, erectile dysfunction medications.

Front 99

Nitroglycerin
Dosing:

Back 99

Adult Dosing:
0.4mg sublingual tab q5min
0.4mg sublingual spray q5min
1-2cm of paste (6-12mg) topically
Pediatric Dosing:
Not recommended

Front 100

NItroglycerin
Special Considerations:

Back 100

Do not give to patients taking erectile dysfunction medications.

Front 101

Nitrous Oxide
Names:

Back 101

Laughing Gas
Dinitrogen Monoxide
Hyponitrous Acid Anhydride

Front 102

Nitrous Oxide
Mechanism of Action:

Back 102

General inhalation anesthetic, low anesthetic potency and muscle relaxant properties.

Front 103

Nitrous Oxide
Indications:

Back 103

Pain

Front 104

Nitrous Oxide
Contraindications:

Back 104

No more than 24 hours of continuous Nitrous Oxide.

Front 105

Nitrous Oxide
Complications:

Back 105

Cardiac dysrythmias, hypotension, pulmonary hypertension, malignant hyperthermia, SZ, apnea

Front 106

Nitrous Oxide
Routes of Administration:

Back 106

Inhalation

Front 107

Nitrous Oxide
Side Effects:

Back 107

Nausea, vomiting, bowel distention

Front 108

Nitrous Oxide
Interactions:

Back 108

Hydromorphone, lidocaine, oxycodone, pancuronium, St. John's Wort, Vecuronium

Front 109

Nitrous Oxide
Dosing:

Back 109

Unknown

Front 110

Nitrous Oxide
Special Considerations:

Back 110

Do not administer without oxygen.