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36 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the two types of strokes? (% of each?)
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Bleeds (30%)
Blocks (70%) |
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Blocks are caused by:
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Slow: Arteriosclerosis leading to thrombus (clot)
Fast: Embolus - blood clot, fat particule |
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Bleeds are caused by:
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Aneurysm - weakened wall of blood vessel
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What % of each type of stroke are fatal?
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Blocks: 20% are fatal
Bleeds: 80% are fatal |
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What affect foes the loss of ATP have on the brain? (Due to Cardiac Arrest)
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1. Shutdown of Na-K Pumps
2. Edema |
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Cardiac arrest causes loss of consciousness in approximately ___ seconds.
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10 seconds!
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What are the two catagories of hypoperfusion and what are the signs?
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Signs:
1. TIA: Transient Ischemic Attacks - focal retinal or cerebral deficits 2.TGA: Transient Global Amnesia - Memory disturbance |
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What would be the result of an infarct of the Anterior Spinal Artery?
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ASA infarct = Inferior Alternating Hemiplegia
Symptoms include: Contralateral hemiplegia with babinski, ipsilateral tongue atrophy and deviation to the side of lesion (CNXII GSE damage) |
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Occulsion of the PICA or bulbar branches of the vertebral artery can cause:
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Lateral Medullary Syndrome (Wallenburg)
-Loss of pain and thermal sense on ipsilateral face and contralateral body -Ipsilateral Horner's Syndrome -Dysphagia and Disphonia -Cerebellar ataxi |
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What are the symptoms of Lateral Medullary Syndrome (Wallenburg)?
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1. Loss of pain and thermal sense on ipsilateral face and contralateral body
2. Ipsilateral Horner's Syndrome 3. Dysphagia and Disphonia 4. Cerebellar ataxia |
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The Brain is supplied by two pairs of arterial trunks:
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1. Vertebral Arteries (Vertebral basilar system)
2. Internal Carotid Arteries |
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Branches of the Vertebral Basilar System
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A. Major Vertebral Artery Branches
- Anterior Spinal Artery - Bulbar Branches - PICA - Basilar Artery B. Basilar Artery Branches -AICA -Labyrinthine Artery -Pontine Arteries -Superior Cerebellar Arteries -Posterior Cerebellar Arteries |
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What are the two types of lower brain stem infarcts?
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1. Paramedian infarcts
2. Lateral infarcts |
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What are the symptoms of a Paramedian infarct?
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1. Contralateral loss of tactile, vibration and kinesthesis due to loss of MEDIAL LEMNISCUS
2. CONTRALATERAL HEMIPLEGIA due to loss of corticospinal tract. 3. Ipsilateral involvement of the GSE cranial nerves: 3, 6, or 8 |
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What are the symptoms of a lateral infarct?
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1. Contralateral Spinothalamic defictis
2. Ipsilateral trigeminal Deficits 3. Ipsilateral SVE cranial nerve deficits 4. Ipsilateral Horner's |
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What are the (4) pats of the Internal Carotid Artery?
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1. Cervical
2. Petrous 3. Carvernous/Sigmoid 4. Supraclinoid |
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Branches of the ICA?
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1. Ophthalamic
2. Posterior Communicating Artery 3. Anterior Choroidal Artery 4. Anterior Cerebral Artery 5. Middle Cerebral Artery |
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What arteries comprise the circle of willis?
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Ant./Post. Cerebral
Ant./Post. Communicating Arteries |
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Functions of the Circle of Willis?
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It is an anatomosis that equalizes blood flow to various parts of the brain.
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Area of the Brain supplied by the Anterior Cerebral Artery:
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What would an occlusion of the Anterior cerebral artery cause?
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1. UMN and sensory deficits in the CONTRALATERAL LOWER extremity.
(Paracentral lobule) 2. Personality change. (Prefrontal cortex) |
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Areas supplied by the Posterior Cerebral Artery:
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Branches of the Post.Cerebral.A:
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1. Anterior Branches: Inf. surface of temporal lobe
2. Calcarine Artery: Supplies primary visual cortex |
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Infarcts of the Post.Cerebral.A cause:
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Contralateral homonymous hemianopsia (visual field deficit)
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Area supplied by the Middle Cerebral Artery:
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What would be the effect of an occlusion of the Middle Cerebral Artery vessels supplying Head and arm areas of pre-/post- central gyri?
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Hemiplegia and sensory deficits in the contralateral face and upper extremity.
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What would be the effect of an occlusion of the Middle Cerebral Artery vessels supplying Left Side Broca's or Wernicke's Areas?
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Aphagia!
-Difficulty with motor planning of speech (Broca's) -Sensory processing areas of speech (Wernicke's) |
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MCA infarct: frontal eye fields and auditory cortex
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May cause disturbances of voluntary eye movement and some diminution of hearing, respectively
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What is the Sylvian triangle?
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A course of branches of the MCA in the insular region.
MCA branches lying on insula form an imaginary triangle |
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Why is the Sylvian triangle clincally important?
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Displacement of the Sylvian triangle in an angiogram provides the location of a space-occupying lesion.
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What are lacunar infarcts?
(Circle of Willis) |
Lacunar infarcts are caused by occlusions of central branches of the Circle of Willis that are END arteries, which do not anastomose effectively.
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What is a capsular infarct?
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A capsular infarct results from an occlusion or hemorrhage of vessels supplying the internal capsule
(i.e internal carotid, MCA, Medial and Lateral striate, and of anterior choroidal) |
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What would be the area affected by a capsular infarct of the CORTICOSTRIATE FIBERS?
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CORTICOSTRIATE:
-Dyskinesia (abnormal involuntary movements) |
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What would be the area affected by a capsular infarct of the CORTICOBULBAR FIBERS?
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CORTICOBULBAR:
-Central voluntary facial palsy |
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What would be the area affected by a capsular infarct of the CORTICOSPINAL and SOMATOSENSORY Radiations?
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CORTICOSPINAL and SOMATOSENSORY Radiations:
-Contralateral Hemiplegia -Loss of sensory in contralateral body |
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What would be the area affected by a capsular infarct of the OPTIC and AUDITORY Radiations?
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OPTIC and AUDITORY Radiations:
-Contralateral Homonymous Hemianopsia -Contralateral Diminution in Hearing |
