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31 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
Define visual field
The part of the world seen by the person with both eyes open looking straight ahead.
What two things does the visual field contain?
Binocular zone: a broad central region seen by both eyes.

Monocular Zone: left and right monocular zones are seen only by the ipsilateral eye
What is the fundus oculi?
The Fundus Oculi is the retina around the posterior pole of the eye ball.

(Part of the retina seen by the ophthalmascope)
Just lateral to the optic disc is a small, oval, yellowish area called the:
Macula Lutea
The central depressed part of the macula is called the:
Fovea Centralis
Retinal Ganglion M Cells:

Size:
Input Source:
Chief location in Retina:
Respond to:
Retinal Ganglion M Cells:

Size: Large
Input Source: RODS
Chief location in Retina:
Peripheral
Respond to: Movement, orientation, high contrast images.
Retinal Ganglion P Cells:

Size:
Input Source:
Chief location in Retina:
Respond to:
Retinal Ganglion P Cells:

Size: Large
Input Source: CONES
Chief location in Retina: Central
Respond to: Color coding, fine detail.
Swelling of the optic disc is called:
Papiolledema
What fibers do each optic nerve contain?
1. Temporal retinal fibers from the ipsilateral eye

2. Nasal retinal fibers from the contralateral eye
Where do optic tract axons synapse?
1. Lateral Geniculate Body
- Most fibers synapse here

2. Superior Colliculus
- Implement reflexes

3. Pretectal Area of Midbrain
- Mediates pupillary light reflex
What do each layer of the LGB contain?
Each of the six layers of the LGB contain a complete and orderly representation of the ipsilateral or contralateral visual field.

Note: each layer of the LGB receives MONOCULAR input

Only when visual information reaches the visual cortex do fibers carrying info from both eyes converge on single cells.
Layers 2,3, and 5 contain ganglion cell axons that arise from the ________ eye.
Layers 2,3, and 5 contain ganglion cell axons that arise from the IPSILATERAL eye.

(Only when visual information reaches the visual cortex do fibers carrying info from both eyes converge on single cells.)
Layers 1,4, and 6 contain ganglion cell axons that arise from the ________ eye.
Layers 1,4, and 6 contain ganglion cell axons that arise from the CONTRALATERAL eye.

(Only when visual information reaches the visual cortex do fibers carrying info from both eyes converge on single cells.)
Layers 1 and 2 of the LGB contain cells with large somata and are called:
Magnocellular layers
Layers 3,4,5,and 6 of the LGB contain small cells and are called:
Paravocelluar Layers

(from P cells - higher visual acuity needs more space in LGB)
Neurons in the LGB send their axons to the primary visual cortex as a large bundle of myelinated fibers called the:
Optic radiation

(or Geniculocalcarine tract)
Where is the primary visual cortex located?
On the Upper and Lower banks of the Calcarine Succus in the occipital lobe
The optic radiations can be divided into (2) main bundles:
One supplying the LOWER quadrant and one supplying the UPPER quadrant of the CONTRALATERAL visual hemifields

Upper synapses on Superior bank of calcarine sulcus (cuneus).

Lower synapses on inferior bank of calcarine sulcus (Lingual gyrus)
Primary visual cortex (V1) is also known as:
Area 17

STRIATE CORTEXT!
Define Meyer's Loop
Fibers of the upper quadrant of the contralateral visual hemifields that arch rostrally from the LGB around the lateral ventricle to each V1. (Inf. Bank of Calcarine Sulcus - Lungual Gyrus)
The central regions of the LGB contain fibers form the:
Macula (and Fovea)

The central 5 degree of the visual field space occupied about 75% of the calcarine cortex.
A lesion of the right optic nerve will cause:
(A) Complete blindness in the right eye

Afferent pupillary reflex fibers are interrupted, so the patient will lose direct and consensual pupillary light reflex when light is directed into the blinded eye. However, light shined in the good eye will cause consensual pupillary reflex.
A lesion of the optic chiasm will cause:
(B) Bilateral Heteronymous Hemianopsia
-Often termed "tunnel vision"

A hemianopsia involves a deficit of an entire half of a visual field.

Heteronymous indicated deficits in both visual hemifields.
A lesion of the right optic tract will cause:
(C) Left Homonymous Hemianopsia

Homonymous indicated the deficit will effect on visual field, left or right.
A lesion of the right optic radiation at Meyer's loop will cause:
Left Superior Quandrantanopsia

PIE IN THE SKY!
A lesion of the RIGHT optic radiation will cause:
LEFT homonymous hemianopsia

(Loss of contralateral visual hemifield)
What is the name of this deficit and what causes it?
(VA)
Total Blindness of the Right Eye

Caused by lesion to RIGHT OPTIC NERVE
What is the name of this deficit and what causes it?
(VB)
Bitemporal Heteronymous Hemianopsia

Caused by Lesion of OPTIC CHIASM
What is the name of this deficit and what causes it?
(VC)
Left Homonymous (same side of each eye) Hemianopsia

Caused by lesion of Right Optic Tract
What is the name of this deficit and what causes it?
(VD)
Left Superior Quandrantanopsia

Cuased by lesion of Right Optic Radiation at MEYER'S LOOP.
What is the name of this deficit and what causes it?
(VE)
Left Homonymous Hemianopsia

Caused by lesion of Right Optic Radiation