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55 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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how do you treat C. diff?
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stop antibiotics and give oral metronidazole (IV works too)
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When is a total knee replacement indicated?
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pts have severe restriction of walking, night pain, rest pain,
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When are steroid injections in the knee used?
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In pts with OA and knee effusion as a short term solution
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What is tyramine?
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A sympathomimetic agent, usually metabolized in the gut
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what drug helps cancer pts gain weight?
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megestrol acetate
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What material forms the most common type of kidney stones
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calcium oxalate
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what conditions increased the risk for caclium oxalate kidney stones?
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small bowel disease, small bowel resection, fat malabsorption
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who gets calcium phosphate stones?
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pts with hyperparathyroidism and renal tubular acidosis
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who gets cysteine stones?
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pts with inborn error of metabolism
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who gets struvite stones?
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pts with UTI with proteus species, a urease producing bug
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si/sx of open angle glaucoma?
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gradual loss of peripheral vision, tunnel vision, high intraocular pressure, cupping of the optic disk
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who gets open angle glaucoma?
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African-Americans with diabetes
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tx of open angle glaucoma?
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timolol eye drops, laser trabeculoplasty, surgical trabeculoplasty
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si/sx of diabetic retinopathy
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asymptomatic till late, poor night vision, curtain falling when pts have vitreous bleed, floaters during resolution of vitreous bleeds
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si/sx of acute closed angle glaucoma?
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sudden onset of eye pain, blurry vision, hazy cornea, nausea, vomiting, red eye, fixed dilated pupil
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si/sx of cataract
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blurred vision, problems with nighttime driving, glare
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what cancers does tamoxifen increase the risk of?
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endometrial and uterine sarcoma
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what is bigeminy?
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when PVCs alternate with sinus beats
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how do you treat PVCs
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try not to, most are benign, ensure that electrolytes are normal, observe, quantify with Holter monitoring, stress tests
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half-life of amiodarone?
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>45 days
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what arrhythmias are treated with digoxin?
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afib, aflutter
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two antithyroid drugs
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PTU and methimazole
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most serious side effect of anti-thyroid drugs
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agranulocytosis
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what drug can cause torsades de pointes?
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quinine
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how do you treat torsades de pointes?
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magnesium, overdrive pacing, isoproterenol
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what does PML look like on brain imaging?
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no mass effect, multiple demyelinating, non-enhancing lesions, involves cortical white matter, brainstem and cerebellum
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common presenting sx in PML?
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hemiparesis, disturbances in speech, vision, and gait
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prognosis for PML?
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six months
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what does toxoplasmosis look like on imaging?
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ring enhancing lesions, multiple, spherical, located in basal ganglia
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what does primary CNS lymphoma look like on imaging?
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ring enhancing, solitary, weakly enhancing, periventricular
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What virus is associated with primary CNS lymphoma?
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EBV
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causes of perioperative pulmonary edema?
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overhydration, MI (rule it out)
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What DOESN'T cause pulmonary edema?
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PE!
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Bugs in orbital cellulitis?
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staph, strep pneumo, H. flu
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si/sx of orbital cellulitis
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proptosis, restriction of eye movement, fever, swollen red eyelids
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how do you tell the difference between cavernous sinus thrombosis and orbital cellulitis?
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cavernous sinus thrombosis is bilateral, with involvement of cranial nerves 3 and 5, with EARLY vision loss rather than late
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define pseudocyesis
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fake pregnancy, pt may have all the signs/symptoms but is not pregnant
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quatrad of nephrotic syndrome
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proteinuria, edema, hyperlipidemia, hypoalbuminemia
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most common cause of nephrotic syndrome in children and adults
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kids: minimal change disease
adults: membranous glomerulopathy |
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why do pts with nephrotic syndrome get hypercoagulable
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increased urinary loss of antithrombin 3, altered levels of proteins C and S, increased platelet aggregation, hyperfibrinogenemia, impaired fibrinolysis
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why do pts with nephrotic syndrome become anemic
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they lose transferrin in the urine-->microcytic anemia refractory to iron therapy
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what's the deal with pts using nicotine patches and bupropion?
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you have to closely monitor their blood pressure
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what causes hereditary angioedema?
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C1 inhibitor deficiency
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what cancers are assoc with polymyositis/dermatomyositis?
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breast, ovary, lung, prostate, colon
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how long does it take vitamin K to reverse warfarin?
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8-12 hours
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what if a pt comes in for INR check, and it's >9?
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if asymptomatic, stop warfarin and give oral vitamin K
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what if a pt comes in for INR check and it's 5-9?
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stop warfarin, don't give vitamin K
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what is sympathetic ophthalmia?
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inflammation of one eye after penetrating injury to the other eye
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most common cause of pneumonia in HIV pts
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strep pneumo
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first step in infertility workup?
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semen analysis
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most sensitive test for anterior cruciate ligament tear
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Lachman test
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what is the unhappy triad of knee injury
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anterior cruciate, medial colateral, medial meniscus
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when does celiac usually present?
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12-15 months of age
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management of variable decel?
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maternal oxygenation, change maternal position to lying on her side, trendelenburg position, amnioinfusion
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what causes variable decels?
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cord compression
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