(Usmle) Vitamins And Their Deficiencies

Front 1

Which part of the small intestine are fat soluble vitamins absorbed?

Back 1

Ileum

Front 2

In general B-complex deficiencies result in these three findings:

Back 2

Dermatitis
Glossitis
Diarrhea

Front 3

Name the vitamin that leads to this deficiency:

Night blindness, dry skin

Back 3

Vitamin A

Front 4

This form of vitamin A is used for wrinkles and acne:

Back 4

Retin-A

Front 5

This vitamin is important for fighting measles infection:

Back 5

Vitamin A

Front 6

Signs of Vitamin A excess:

Back 6

Athralgias, Fatigue, HA, Skin changes, sore throat, alopecia

Front 7

Beriberi and Wernicke-korsakoff is associated with this deficiency:

Back 7

vitamin B1 (Thiamine)

Front 8

Thiamine is used as a cofactor in two places. Name them:

Back 8

Decarboxylation of alpha-keto acids (pyruvate, alpha-ketogluterate)
Cofactor for transketolase in the HMP shunt

Front 9

Thiamine is specifically used in which step of the TCA cycle

Back 9

Transformation of alpha-keto gluterate to succinyl CoA.

Note that this step also requires lipoic acid, CoA, FAD, and NAD

Furthermore, note that it is because of this reaction you must give thiamine before administering glucose

Front 10

Signs of DRY beri beri:

Back 10

Polyneruritis, Muscle wasting

Front 11

Manifestations of Vitamin B2 deficiency:

Back 11

Angular stomatitis
Chelosis
Corneal vascularization (may see photophoba)

Front 12

Biological role of B2

Back 12

Cofactor in oxidation and reduction

Think FAD and FMN

Front 13

What is another name for B2

Back 13

Riboflavin

Front 14

Two metabolic diseases associated with Niacin deficiency:

Back 14

Hartnups (impaired transport of tryptophan in intestine)
Blue diaper syndrome (impaired transport of tryptophan in kidney)

Front 15

Pallagra is assocated with this vitamin deficiency:

Back 15

B3

Front 16

This vitamin is good friends with niacin:

Back 16

Vitamin B6 (pyridoxine)

Niacin is derived from tryptophan using vitamin B6 as a cofactor in the conversion

Front 17

3-Ds of pallagra:

Back 17

Dermatitis, Diarrhea, Dementia

Front 18

Smptoms of B5 deficiency:

Back 18

Dermatitis, enteritis, alopecia, adrenal insufficiency

Front 19

What is another name for Vitamin B5?

Back 19

Pantothenate

Front 20

Which vitamin is a co-factor for CoA and fatty acid synthase?

Back 20

B5

Front 21

Describe the changes you would see on a blood smear of someone who is B12 deficient:

Back 21

Hypersegmented neurophils, increased MCV

Front 22

Symptoms of B6 deficiency:

Back 22

Convulsions, hyperirritability, peripheral neuropathy

Front 23

Which vitamin is used in transamination reactions:

What are these reactions used for?

Back 23

B6

Used for decarboxylation and heme synthesis

Front 24

Test for thiamine defiency:

Back 24

Erythrocyte transketolase

Front 25

Besides macrocytic megaloblastic anemia, what other symptoms do you see with b12 deficiency?

Back 25

Neurological symptoms (optic neuropathy, subacute combined degeneration, paresthesia), glossitis

Front 26

Which vitamin is a cofactor for homocysteine methylation?

Back 26

B12

Homocysteine + N-metTHF -> Methionine + THF & Methylmalonyl-Coa->Succinyl Coa

Front 27

When you see a patient presenting with nail problems and dysphagia, what is the deficiency?

Back 27

Iron

Front 28

Which are alcoholics more likely to get: B12 deficiency or folic acid?

Back 28

Folic acid

Front 29

How can you tell B12 and folic acid deficiency apart based on their clinical presentations?

Back 29

B12 deficiency shows neural problems (and glossitis) while folic acid has no neural problems

Front 30

Which deficiency is associated with antibiotic use and ingestion of raw eggs?

Back 30

Biotin

Front 31

In general, biotin is associated with carboxylation reactions... Name 3 of them

Back 31

Pyruvate to oxaloacetate
Acetyl-CoA to malonyl-CoA
Propionyl-CoA to methymalonyl-CoA

Front 32

Which vitamin facilitates iron absorption by keeping iron in the reduced state?

(Hint-it's also a cofactor in the conversion of Dopamine to norepinephrine)

Back 32

Vitamin C

Front 33

Which form is consumed in milk?

Ergocalciferol
Cholecalciferol

Back 33

Ergocalciferol

Front 34

Which of the following is formed in sun-exposed skin?

Ergocalciferol
Cholecalciferol

Back 34

Cholecalciferol

Front 35

Would sarcoidosis cause too little or too much vitamin D?

Back 35

Too much vitamin D… in Sarcoidosis, macrophages convert vitamin D into its active form

Front 36

Which fat-soluble vitamin is important for erythrocytes?

Back 36

Vitamin E

Front 37

Which disease does Vitamin E deficiency most resemble?

Back 37

Fredrich's Ataxia

(Demyelination of dorsal columns, lateral corticospinal tract, and spinocerebellar tract.

Front 38

Describe what bleeding time, PT, and PTT would be in a neonate who is vitamin K deficient:

Back 38

Normal bleeding time, increase PT and PTT

Front 39

Although it's not a vitamin per se, what amino acid becomes essential in someone with PKU?

Back 39

Tyrosine

Front 40

Cofactor needed for cystathionine synthase:

(It's the enzyme that turns homocysteine into cystathionine)

Back 40

B6