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144 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Neurotransmitter/receptor: autonomic ganglia
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ACh / nicotinic receptors
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Neurotransmitter/receptor: parasympathetic effector site
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ACh / muscarinic receptors
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Neurotransmitter/receptor: sympathetic sweat glands
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ACh/M3
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Neurotransmitter/receptor: sympathetic vascular smooth muscle (except renal)
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NE/alpha and beta
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Neurotransmitter/receptor: sympathetic renal vascular smooth muscle
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dopamine/D1
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Neurotransmitter/receptor: sympathetic released by adrenal medulla
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EPI (80%), NE (20%)
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GPCR: alpha1
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Gq
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GPCR: alpha2
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Gi
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GPCR: beta1
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Gs
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GPCR: beta 2
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Gs
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GPCR: M1
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Gq
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GPCR: M2
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Gi
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GPCR: M3
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Gq
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GPCR: D1
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Gs
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GPCR: D2
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Gi
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GPCR: H1
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Gq
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GPCR: H2
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Gs
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GPCR: V1
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Gq
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GPCR: V2
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Gs
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Type of autonomic receptors: collecting tubules of kidney
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V2
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Type of receptors: vascular smooth muscle (except renal)
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alpha 1, V1 (constrict); alpha 2 (dilate)
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Type of receptors: vascular smooth muscle (renal)
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D1 (dilate)
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Type of receptor: CNS (muscarinic)
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M1
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Type of receptor: heart (muscarinic)
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M2
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effect of alpha 2 stimulation on insulin release?
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decreases insulin release
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Gq receptors (5)
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H1, alpha 1, V1, M1, M3
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Gs receptors (5)
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beta 1, beta 2, D1, H2, V2
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Gi receptors (3)
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M2, alpha 2, D2
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Downstream effects of Gq stimulation?
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Gq --> phospholipase C --> converts lipids to PIP2 --> cleaved to DAG and IP3. DAG --> PKC. IP3 --> intracellular Ca release
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Downstream effects of Gs stimulation?
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Gs --> adenylyl cyclase --> converts ATP to cAMP --> PKA. In cardiac muscle, PKA increases intracellular Ca release. In smooth muscle, PKA inhibits myosin light chain kinase.
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Downstream effects of Gi?
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Gi inhibits adenylyl cyclase, so less ATP is converted to cAMP. Less cAMP means less activation of PKA, which means less intracellular Ca release in the heart and less inhibition (=MORE activation) of myosin light chain kinase in smooth muscle.
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bethanechol
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cholinomimetic direct agonist
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carbachol
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cholinomimetic direct agonist
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pilocarpine
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cholinomimetic direct agonist
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methacholine
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cholinomimetic direct agonist
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-stigmines
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cholinomimetic indirect agonists (AChE inhibitors)
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edrophonium
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cholinomimetic indirect agonist (AChE inhibitor)
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echotiophate
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cholinomimetic indirect agonist (AChE inhibitor)
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donezepil
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cholinomimetic indirect agonist (AChE inhibitor)
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atropine
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muscarinic antagonist
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tropicamide
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muscarinic antagonist
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benztropine
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muscarinic antagonist (Parkinson's)
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scopolamine and methscopalamine
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muscarinic antagonist
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ipratropium
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muscarinic antagonist
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oxybutynin
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muscarinic antagonist
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glycopyrrolate
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muscarinic antagonist
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pirenzepine
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muscarinic antagonist
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propantheline
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muscarinic antagonist
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EPI
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sympathetic direct agonist (a1, a2, b1, some b2)
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NE
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sympathetic direct agonist (a1, a2, some b1)
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isoproterenol
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sympathetic direct agonist (b1, b2)
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dopamine (as a sympathomimetic)
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D1 - low dose; b1, b2 - medium dose; a1, a2 - high dose
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dobutamine
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sympathetic direct agonist (b1, weak a1, a2, b2)
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phenylephrine
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sympathetic direct agonist (a1, some a2)
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metaproterenol
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agonist at b2, some b1
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albuterol
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agonist at b2, some b1
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salmeterol
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agonist at b2, some b1
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terbutaline
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b2, some b1
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ritodrine
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b2 agonist
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cocaine (as a sympathomimetic)
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reuptake inhibitor
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amphetamine (as a sympathomimetic)
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sympathetic indirect agonist, releases stored catecholamines
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ephedrine (as a sympathomimetic)
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sympathetic indirect agonist, releases stored catecholamines
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phenoxybenzamine
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non-selective alpha blocker (a1, a2)
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phentolamine
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non-selective alpha blocker (a1, a2)
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prazosin, terazosin, doxazosin
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selective a1 blocker
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mirtazapine
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selective a2 blocker
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carvedilol
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non-selective a and b blocker
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labetalol
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non-selective a and b blocker
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propanolol
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non-selective b blocker (b1=b2)
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timolol
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non-selective b blocker (b1=b2)
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nadolol
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non-selective b blocker (b1=b2)
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pindolol
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non-selective b blocker (b1=b2), also partial b agonist
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acebutolol
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selective b1 blocker, also partial b agonist
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atenolol
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selective b1 blocker
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betaxolol
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selective b1 blocker
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esmolol
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selective b1 blocker
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metoprolol
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selective b1 blocker
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acetaminophen poisoning
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N-acetylcysteine
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salicylate poisoning
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NaHCO3
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amphetamine overdose
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NH4Cl
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AChE inhibitor poisoning (organophosphates in farmers)
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atropine, pralidoxime
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beta blocker overdose
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glucagon
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anti-cholinergic/anti-muscarinic overdose
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physostigmine salicylate
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digitalis overdose
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K+, lidocaine, anti-digitalis fractional antibodies, Mg2+ (KLAM)
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iron poisoning
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desferoxamine
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lead poisoning
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CaEDTA, dimercaprol, succimer, penicillamine
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mercury poisoning
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dimercaprol, succimer
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copper poisoning
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penicillamine
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arsenic or gold poisoning
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dimercaprol, succimer, penicillamine
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cyanide poisoning
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nitrite, hydroxocobalamin, thiosulfate
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methemoglobinemia
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methylene blue, vitamin C
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carbon monoxide poisoning
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100% O2, hyperbaric O2
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methanol or ethylene glycol poisoning
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fomepizole>ethanol, dialysis
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opioid overdose
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naloxone or naltrexone
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TCA overdose
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NaHCO3
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heparin overdose
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protamine
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warfarin overdose
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vitamin K, fresh frozen plasma
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tPA, streptokinase, or urokinase overdose
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aminocaproic acid
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theophylline overdose
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beta blockers
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List the CYP 450 inducers. (Hint: Queen Barb Steals Phen-phen and Refuses Greasy Carbs Chronically.)
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Quinidine, Barbiturates, St. John's wort, Phenytoin, Rifampin, Griseofulvin, Carbamazepine, CHRONIC alcohol use
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List the CYP 450 inhibitors. (Hint: MAGIC RACKS.)
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MAGIC RACKS: Macrolides, Amiodarone, Grapefruit juice, Isoniazid (INH), Cimetidine, Ritonavir, ACUTE alcohol abuse, Ciprofloxacin, Ketoconazole, Sulfonamides
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List the sulfa drugs. (Hint: Popular FACTSSS.)
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Popular FACTSSS: Probenecid, Furosemide, Acetazolamide, Celecoxib, Thiazides, Sulfonamides, Sulfasalazine, Sulfonylureas
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How might someone with a sulfa allergy react to a sulfa drug?
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fever, rash, SJS/TEN, hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia, agranulocytosis
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What drugs cause coronary vasospasm?
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cocaine, sumatriptan
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What drugs cause cutaneous flushing (hint: VANC)?
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VANC: vancomycin, adenosine, niacin, Ca2+ channel blockers
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What chemotherapeutic agents can cause dilated cardiomyopathy?
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doxorubicin, daunorubicin
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Which types of antiarrhythmics can cause torsades de pointes?
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class III (sotalol), class Ia (quinidine)
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What drugs can cause agranulocytosis?
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clozapine, carbamezapine, colchicine, propylthiouracil, methimazole, dapsone (Agranulocytosis Could Certainly Cause Pretty Major Damage)
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What drugs can cause aplastic anemia?
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chloramphenicol, benzene, NSAIDs, propylthiouracil, methimazole
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What drug can cause direct Coombs'-positive hemolytic anemia?
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methyldopa
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What drug causes gray baby syndrome?
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chloramphenacol
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What drugs can cause hemolysis in G6PD-deficient patients? (hint: IS PAIN)
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IS PAIN: Isoniazid, Sulfonamides, Primaquine, Aspirin, Ibuprofen, Nitrofurantoin
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What drugs can cause megaloblastic anemia? (Hint: PMS)
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Phenytoin, Methotrexate, Sulfa drugs
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What drugs can cause pulmonary fibrosis? (Hint: BLAB)
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bleomycin, amiodarone, busulfan
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What class of antibiotics can cause acute cholestatic hepatitis?
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macrolides (azithromycin, clarithromycin, erythromycin)
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What drugs can wreak HAVAc on the liver, causing focal to massive hepatic necrosis?
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HAVAc: halothane, acetaminophen, valproic acid, Amanita phalloides (the hallucinogenic mushroom)
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Which tuberculosis drug can cause hepatitis?
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isoniazid (INH)
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Which antibiotic is notorious for causing C. difficile pseudomembranous colitis?
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clindamycin
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What drugs can cause gynecomastia?
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spironolactone, digitalis, cimetidine, alcohol, ketoconazole (and estrogens of course!) Some Drugs Create Awesome Knockers.
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What drugs can cause hot flashes similar to those seen in menopause?
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tamoxifen, clomiphene
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What drugs can cause hypothyroidism?
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lithium, amiodarone, sulfonamides
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What drugs can cause hyperglycemia? (hint: NoT PIG)
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NoT PIG: Niacin, Tacrolimus, Protease Inhibitors, Glucocorticoids
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What drugs can cause fat redistribution (central adiposity etc)?
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glucocorticoids, protease inhibitors
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What drugs can cause gingival hyperplasia?
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phenytoin, verapamil
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What drugs can cause gout?
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cyclosporine, pyrazinamide, niacin, furosemide, thiazides (Cause Pain in kNees, Feet, Toes)
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What drugs can cause myopathies? (hint: Fish N CHIPS Give myopathies)
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Fish N CHIPS Give myopathies: Fibrates, Niacin, Colchicine, Hydroxychloroquine, IFN-alpha, Penicillamine, Statins, Glucocorticoids
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What drugs can cause osteoporosis?
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glucocorticoids, heparin
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What drugs can cause photosensitivity?
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sulfonamides, amiodarone, tetracycline (SAT in the sun)
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What drugs can cause Stevens-Johnson syndrome / toxic epidermal necrosis? (hint: PEC SLAPP)
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PEC SLAPP: Penicillin, Ethosuximide, Carbamazepine, Sulfa drugs, Lamotrigine, Allopurinol, Phenytoin, Phenobarbital
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What drugs can cause lupus? (hint: HIPP)
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HIPP: Hydralazine, Isoniazid, Procainamide, Phenytoin
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What class of antibiotics can cause tendonitis, tendon rupture, and, in children, cartilege damage?
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fluoroquinolones
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What class of antibiotics can stain the teeth of children and fetuses < 9 yrs old?
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tetracyclines
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What drugs can cause diabetes insipidus?
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lithium, demeclocycline
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What drugs can cause Fanconi's syndrome? (Fanconi's syndrome is when the renal PT cannot reabsorb glucose, amino acids, uric acid, phosphate, bicarb.)
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expired tetracycline
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Which drugs can cause interstitial nephritis?
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methicillin, NSAIDs, furosemide
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What drugs can cause hemorrhagic cystitis?
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cyclophosphamide, ifofosfamide
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What drugs can cause SIADH?
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carbamazepine, cyclophosphamide
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What drugs cause cinchonism?
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quinine and its derivatives
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What drugs can cause parkinsonism?
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anti-psychotics, reserpine, metoclopramide
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What drugs can lower the seizure threshold?
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bupropion, imipenem/cilastin, isoniazid
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What drugs cause tardive dyskinesia?
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anti-psychotics
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What drugs have prominent anti-muscarinic side effects?
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atropine, TCAs, H1 blockers, anti-psychotics, digoxin
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What drugs can cause a disulfiram-like reaction? (hint: Cervezas Make People Flush)
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cephalosporins, metronidazole, procarbazine, first generation sulfonylureas
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What drugs cause both nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity? (hint: CALV)
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CALV: cisplatin, aminoglycosides, loop diuretics, vancomycin
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