Usmle Step 1 Pharm

Front 1

Hydrochlorthiazide (cardiac)

Back 1

Diuretic, antihypertensive, causes hypokalemia, mild hyperlipidemia, hyperuricemia, lassitude, hypercalcemia, hyperglycemia

Front 2

Loop diuretics (cardiac)

Back 2

Diuretic, antihypertennsives, causes potassium wasting, metabolic alkalosis, hypotension, ototoxicity

Front 3

Clonidine

Back 3

Sympathoplegic, antihypertensive. Causes dry mouth, sedation, severe rebound hypertension.

Front 4

Methyldopa (cardiac)

Back 4

Sympathoplegic, antihypertensive. Causes sedation, a positive Coombs' test.

Front 5

Hexamethonium

Back 5

Sympathoplegic, antihypertensive. Causes severe orthostatic hypertension, blurred vision, constipation, sexual dysfunction

Front 6

Reserpine

Back 6

Sympathoplegic, antihypertensive. Causes sedation, depression, nasal stuffiness, diarrhea

Front 7

Guanethedine

Back 7

Sympathoplegic, antihypertensive. Causes orthostatic and exercise hypotension, sexual dysfunction, diarrhea

Front 8

Prazosin

Back 8

Sympathoplegic, antihypertensive. Causes 1st-dose orthostatic hypertension, dizziness, headache.

Front 9

Beta blockers

Back 9

Sympathoplegic, antihypertensives. Cause impotence, asthma, cardiovascular effects (bradycardia, CHF, AV block), CNS effects (sedation, sleep alterations)

Front 10

Hydralazine

Back 10

Vasodilator, antihypertensive. Causes nausea, headache, lupus-like syndrome, reflex tachycardia, angina, salt-rentention. *Used with beta blockers to prevent reflex tachycardia, diuretic to block salt retention.

Front 11

Minoxidil

Back 11

Vasodilator, antihypertensive. Causes hypertrichosis, pericardial effusion, reflex tachycardia, angina, salt retention. Used with beta blockers to prevent reflex tachycardia, diuretics to prevent salt retention.

Front 12

Nifedipine

Back 12

Vasodilator, antihypertensive. Causes dizziness, flushing, nausea. Similar to Verapamil

Front 13

Verapamil

Back 13

Vasodilator, antihypertensive. Causes dizziness, flushing, constipation, AV block, nausea. Similar to Nifedipine.

Front 14

Nitroprusside

Back 14

Vasodilator, antihypertensive. Causes cyanide toxicity (releases cyanide)

Front 15

Diazoxide

Back 15

Vasodilator, antihypertensive. Causes hyperglycemia due to reduced insulin release, hypotension.

Front 16

Captopril

Back 16

ACE inhibitor, antihypertensive. Causes hyperkalemia, cough, angioedema, taste changes, hypotension, pregnancy problems (fetal renal damage), rash, increased renin.

Front 17

Enalopril

Back 17

ACE inhibitor, antihypertensive. Causes hyperkalemia, cough, angioedema, taste changes, hypotension, pregnancy problems (fetal renal damage), rash, increased renin.

Front 18

Fosinopril

Back 18

ACE inhibitor, antihypertensive. Causes hyperkalemia, cough, angioedema, taste changes, hypotension, pregnancy problems (fetal renal damage), rash, increased renin.

Front 19

Losartan

Back 19

Angiotensin II receptor blocker, antihypertensive. Causes fetal renal toxicity, hyperkalemia.

Front 20

Hydralazine mechanism

Back 20

increase in cGMP that causes smooth muscle relaxation. Works more on arterioles than veins. First line therapy for hypertension in pregnancy (along with methyldopa)

Front 21

Minoxidil mechanism

Back 21

K+ channel opener, hyperpolarizes and relaxes vascular smooth muscle.

Front 22

Calcium channel blockers: names, mechanism, uses.

Back 22

Nifedipine, verapamil, diltiazem.

Block voltage dependent L-type Ca channels, causing relaxation of smooth muscle and decrease in heart contractility.

Vascular smooth muscle effects: nifedipine > diltiazem < verapamil

Heart effects: verapamil > diltiazem > nifedipine.

Used in hypertension, angina, arrhythmias (not nifedipine, low cardiac effect), Prinzmetal's angina, Raynaud's

Front 23

Nitroglycerin, isosorbide dinitrate mechanism, uses, toxicities

Back 23

Release NO in smooth muscle, causing increase in cGMP, dilate veins more than arteries. Decreases preload.

Used for angina, pulmonary edema. Aphrodisiac, erection enhancer.

Toxicities: tachycardia, hypotension, flushing, headache, "Monday Disease" in industrial exposure due to tolerance building over the week, tolerance lost over the weekend and symptoms on reexposure.

Front 24

Treatment of malignant hypertension

Back 24

Nitroprusside (short acting release of NO leading to increase in cGMP)

Fenoldopam (Dopamine D1 receptor antagonist, relaxes renal vascular smooth muscle

Diazoxide (K+ channel opener, hyperpolarizes and relaxes vascular smooth muscle)