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83 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Substances chemotactic for neurophils
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IL-8, C5a, leukotriene B4, kallikrein
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Granulomatous diseases:
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TB (caseating), syphilis, Listeria, Wegener's, Leprosy, Bartonella, some fungal pneumonias, sarcoidosis, Chron's disease
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Cytokines responsible for granuloma formation
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Il-2, IFN gamma
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Key steps and molecules involved in leukocyte extravasation
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(1) Rolling : E and P Selectin on endothelium binding to sialyl Lewis x on leukocyte.
(2) Right binding: ICAM on surface binding to integrin on leukocyte LFA-1) (3) Diapedesis: PECAM-1 involved. (4) Migration: goes to site of injury using chemotactic signals (cytokines) |
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Protective factors against free radicals
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VitA,C,E
Superoxide dismutase (superoxide to hydrogen peroxide) Glutathione peroxidase (hydroxyl ions or hydrogen peroxide to water) Catalase (hydrogen peroxide to water) |
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Types of amyloidosis: Protein (derived from)
(1) Primary (2) Secondary (3) Senile cardiac (4) DMII (5) medullary carcinoma of thyroid (6) Alzheimer's disease (7) Dialysis associated |
Types of amyloidosis: Protein (derived from)
(1) Primary: AL (Ig light chains ex. Multiple myeloma) (2) Secondary: AA (serum amyloid associated protein ex chronic infl dz) (3) Senile cardiac: transthyretin (AF) (4) DMII: Amylin (AE) (5) medullary carcinoma of thyroid: A-CAL (calcitonin) (6) Alzheimer's disease: beta amyloid (amyloid precursor protein aka APP) (7) Dialysis associated: beta 2 microglobulin (MHC class I proteins) |
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Hypovolemic vs Septic shock (major findings of each)
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(A) Hypovolemic: low output failure; cold, clammy patient; low cardiac output; increased total peripheral resistance
(B) Septic: high output failure; high mixed venous pressure; hot patient, dilated arterioles, decreased total peripheral resistance |
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Associated neoplasm: Down's syndrome
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ALL, AML
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Associated neoplasm: Xeroderma pigmentosum, albinism
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Melanoma, BCC and esp SCC of skin
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Associated neoplasm: chronic atrophic gastritis, pernicious anemia, postsurgical gastric remnants
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Gastric adenocarcinoma
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Associated neoplasm: Tuberous sclerosis
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Astrocytoma, angiomyolipoma, cardiac rhabdomyoma
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Associated neoplasm: actinic keratosis
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Squamous cell carcinoma of skin
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Associated neoplasm: Barrett's esophagus
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Esophageal adenocarcinoma
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Associated neoplasm: Plummer Vinson syndrome
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SCC of esophagus
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Associated neoplasm: cirrhosis
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HCC
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Associated neoplasm: Ulcerative colitis
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Colonic adenocarcinoma
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Associated neoplasm: Paget's disease of bone
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Secondary osteosarcome and fibrosarcoma
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Associated neoplasm: immunodeficiency states
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Malignant lymphomas
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Associated neoplasm: AIDS
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Aggressive malignant lymphomas and Kaposi's sarcoma
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Associated neoplasm: Autoimmune diseases (Hashimoto's and myasthenia gravis)
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Benign and malignant neoplasms
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Associated neoplasm: acanthosis nigricans
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Visceral malignancy (stomach, lung, breast, uterus)
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Associated neoplasm: dysplastic nevus
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Malignant melanoma
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Associated neoplasm: radiation exposure
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Sarcoma
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Associated tumor/GOF or LOF?: abl gene
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CML
GOF |
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Associated tumor/GOF or LOF?: c-myc
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Burkitt's lymphoma
GOF |
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Associated tumor/GOF or LOF?: bcl-2
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Follicular and undifferentiated lymphomas
GOF |
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Associated tumor/GOF or LOF?: erb-B2
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Breast, ovarian, gastric carcinomas
GOF |
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Associated tumor/GOF or LOF?: ras
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Colon carcinoma
GOF |
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Associated tumor/GOF or LOF?: L-myc
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Lung tumor
GOF |
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Associated tumor/GOF or LOF?: N myc
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Neuroblastoma
GOF |
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Associated tumor/GOF or LOF?: ret
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MEN types II and III
GOF |
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Associated tumor/GOF or LOF?: c-kit
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Gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST)
GOF |
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Associated chromosome and tumor/GOF or LOF?: Rb
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13q; Retinoblastoma and osteosarcoma; LOF
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Associated chromosome and tumor/GOF or LOF?: BRCA1
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17q; breast/ovarian cancer; LOF
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Associated chromosome and tumor/GOF or LOF?: BRCA2
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13q; breast cancer; LOF
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Associated chromosome and tumor/GOF or LOF?: p53
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17p; most human cancers, Li Fraumeni; LOF
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Associated chromosome and tumor/GOF or LOF?: p16
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9p; melanoma; LOF
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Associated chromosome and tumor/GOF or LOF?: APC
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5q; colorectal cancer (FAP); LOF
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Associated chromosome and tumor/GOF or LOF?: WT1
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11p; wilm's tumor; LOF
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Associated chromosome and tumor/GOF or LOF?: NF1
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17q; neurofibromatosis type I; LOF
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Associated chromosome and tumor/GOF or LOF?: NF2
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22q; neurofibromatosis type II; LOF
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Associated chromosome and tumor/GOF or LOF?: DPC
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18q; pancreatic cancer; LOF
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Associated chromosome and tumor/GOF or LOF?: DCC
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18q; colon cancer; LOF
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Associated cancer for following marker: PSA
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Prostate specific antigen used to screen for prostate carcinoma but also elevated in BPH and prostatitis.
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Associated cancer for following marker: prostatic acid phsophatase
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Prostate carcinoma
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Associated cancer for following marker: CEA
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Carcinomembyonic antigen. Non specific but made by many colorectal and pancreatic cancers; also breast and gastric carcinomas
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Associated cancer for following marker: AFP
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Elevated in HCC and nonseminomatous germ cell tumors of testis (yolk sac)
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Associated cancer for following marker: b-hCG
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Hydatidiform moles; choriocarcinomas; gestational trophoblastic tumors
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Associated cancer for following marker: CA-125
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Ovarian, malignant epithelial tumors
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Associated cancer for following marker: S-100
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Melanoma, neural tumors, astrocytomas
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Associated cancer for following marker: Alkaline phosphatase
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Mets to bone, obstructive biliary disease, Paget's disease of bone
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Associated cancer for following marker: bombesin
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Neuroblastoma, lung, and gastric cancer
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Associated cancer for following marker: TRAP
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Tartrate resistant acid phosphatase is elevated in Hairy cell leukemia
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Associated cancer for following marker: CA-19-9
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Pancreatic adenocarcinoma
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Associated cancer: HTLV-1
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Adult T cell leukemia
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Associated cancer: HBV, HCV
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HCC
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Associated cancer: EBV
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Burkitt's and nasopharyngeal carcinoma
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Associated cancer: HPV
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Cervical carcinoma, penile/anal carcinoma
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Associated cancer: HHV-8
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Kaposi's sarcoma, body cavity fluid B cell lymphoma
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Associated cancer(s): Aflatoxin
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HCC
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Associated cancer(s): alkylating agents
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Lymphoma, leukemia, others
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Associated cancer(s): aromatic "amines" and azo dyes
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HCC
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Associated cancer(s): arsenic
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SCC of skin/lung, angiosarcoma of liver
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Associated cancer(s): asbestos
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Mesothelioma and bronchogenic carcinoma
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Associated cancer(s): Benzene
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Leukemia
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Associated cancer(s): chromium and nickel
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Bronchogenic carcinoma
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Associated cancer(s): cigarette smoke
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Laryngeal SCC, lung (SCC and small cell), kidney (RCC), and bladder (transitional cell), others
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Associated cancer(s): ionizing radiation
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Thyroid cancer, leukemia
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Associated cancer(s): naphthylamine
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Transitional cell carcinoma of bladder
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Associated cancer(s): Nitrosamine
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Gastric cancer
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Associated cancer(s): polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons
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Bronchogenic carcinoma
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Associated cancer(s): UV exposure
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Skin cancer
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Associated cancer(s): vinyl chloride
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Angiosarcoma of liver
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Paraneoplastic cause and effect of: small cell lung carcinoma
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ACTH or ACTH like peptide; Cushing's syndrome
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Paraneoplastic cause and effect of: small cel lung carcinoma and intracranial neoplasms
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ADH; SIADH
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Paraneoplastic cause and effect of: squamous cell cancer of lung, RCC, and breast carcinoma
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PTH related peptide, TGF beta, IL-1; hypercalcemia
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Paraneoplastic cause and effect of: RCC, hemangioblastoma
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Erythropoietin; polycythemia
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Paraneoplastic cause and effect of: thymomoa, small cell lung carcinoma
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Abs against presynaptic Ca2+ channels at NMJ; Lambert Eaton syndrome (muscle weakness)
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Paraneoplastic cause and effect of: Leukemias and lymphomas
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Hyperuricemia due to excess nucleic acid turnover; gout, urate nephropathy
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Cancers where psammoma bodies are present:
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Papillary adenocarcinoma of thyroid
Serous papillary cystadenoma of ovary Meningioma Malignant mesothelioma |
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Primary tumors that metastasize to brain
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Lots of Bad Stuff Kill Glia
Lung, breast, skin (melanoma), kidney, GI |
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Primary tumors that metastasize to liver
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Cancer Sometimes Penetrates Benign Liver
Colon>stomach>pancreas>breast>lung |
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Primary tumors that metastasize to bone
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Prostate, thyroid, testes, breast, lung, kidney
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