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31 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Source of salivary secretions
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Parotid (most serous), submandibular, submaxillary, and sublingual glands (most mucinous)
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Products contained in saliva (fct)
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(1) alpha amylase (begins starch digestion); inactivated by low pH in stomach
(2) bicarbonate (neutralizes oral bacterial acids, maintains dental health) (3) mucins (glycoproteins) lubricate food (4) antibacterial secretory products (5) growth factors promote epithelial renewal |
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Salivary glands secretion innervations
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Sympathetic (T1-T3) and parasympathetic (facial, glossopharyngeal n)
Slow flow (hypotonic) High flow (isotonic) |
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Gastrin
(a) source (b) action (c) stimulus (d) inhibition (e) notes |
(a) G cells (antrum of stomach)
(b) incr H+ secr, growth of gastric mucosa, gastric motility Also incr pepsinogen (chief) and histamine (ECL) (c) Incr by stomach distension, aa;s, peptides, vagal stim (d) Decr by stomach pH<1.5 (e) incr in Zollinger Ellison syndrome. Phenylalanine and tryptophan potent stimulators |
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Cholecystokinin
(a) source (b) action (c) stimulus (d) inhibition (e) notes |
(a) I cells (duodenum and jejunum)
(b) incr pancreatic secr, incr gallbladder contr Decr gastric emptyin (c) incr by fatty acids, amino acids (d) n/a (e) in cholelithiasis, pain worsens after fatty food ingestion due to incr CCK |
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Secretin
(a) source (b) action (c) stimulus (d) inhibition (e) notes |
(a) S cells (duodenum)
(b) incr pancreatic HCO3, bile secretion Decr gastric acid secretion (c) incr by FA in duodenum (d) n/a (f) incr HCO3 neutralizes fastric acid in duodenum, allowing pancreatic enzymes to fct |
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Somatostatin
(a) source (b) action (c) stimulus (d) inhibition (e) notes |
(a) D cells (pancreatic islets, GI mucosa)
(b) decr gastric acid and pepsinogen secretion, pancreatic and small int fluid secretion, GB contraction, insulin and glucagon release (c) incr by acid (d) decr by vagal stimulation (e) inhibitory hormone; antigrowth effects (digestion and absorption of substances needed for growth); used to treat VIPoma and carcinoid tumors |
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Glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide (GIP)
(a) source (b) action (c) stimulus (d) inhibition (e) notes |
(a) K cells (duodenum, jejunum)
(b) exocrine: decr H+ secretion Endocrine: incr insulin release (c) incr by FA, aa, oral glucose (d) n/a (e) an oral glucose load is used more rapidly than the equivalent give by IV |
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Vasoactive intestinal peptide
(a) source (b) action (c) stimulus (d) inhibition (e) notes |
(a) parasympathetic ganglia in sphincters, GB, small intestine
(b) incr intestinal water and electrolyte secretion, incr relaxation of intestinal smooth muscle and sphincters (c) incr by distention and vagal stim Decr by adrenergic output (d) VIPoma-non alpha or beta islet cell pancreatic tumor that secretes VIP and causes copius diarrhea |
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Nitric oxide
(a) source (b) action (c) stimulus (d) inhibition (e) notes |
(a) n/a
(b) incr smooth muscle relaxation, including LES (c) n/a (d)n/a (e) loss of NO secretion implicated in incr LES tone in achalasia |
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Motilin
(a) source (b) action (c) stimulus (d) inhibition (e) notes |
(a) small intestine
(b) produces MMC's (c) incr in fasting state (d) n/a (e) n/a |
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Histamine
(a) source (b) action (c) stimulus (d) inhibition (e) notes |
(a) enterochromaffin cells
(b) incr gastric acid secretion (directly and potentiates gastrin and vagal stimulation) (c) gastrin, ach (d) n/a (e) n/a |
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Source of salivary secretions
|
Parotid (most serous), submandibular, submaxillary, and sublingual glands (most mucinous)
|
|
|
Products contained in saliva (fct)
|
(1) alpha amylase (begins starch digestion); inactivated by low pH in stomach
(2) bicarbonate (neutralizes oral bacterial acids, maintains dental health) (3) mucins (glycoproteins) lubricate food (4) antibacterial secretory products (5) growth factors promote epithelial renewal |
|
|
Salivary glands secretion innervations
|
Sympathetic (T1-T3) and parasympathetic (facial, glossopharyngeal n)
Slow flow (hypotonic) High flow (isotonic) |
|
|
Gastrin
(a) source (b) action (c) stimulus (d) inhibition (e) notes |
(a) G cells (antrum of stomach)
(b) incr H+ secr, growth of gastric mucosa, gastric motility Also incr pepsinogen (chief) and histamine (ECL) (c) Incr by stomach distension, aa;s, peptides, vagal stim (d) Decr by stomach pH<1.5 (e) incr in Zollinger Ellison syndrome. Phenylalanine and tryptophan potent stimulators |
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Cholecystokinin
(a) source (b) action (c) stimulus (d) inhibition (e) notes |
(a) I cells (duodenum and jejunum)
(b) incr pancreatic secr, incr gallbladder contr Decr gastric emptyin (c) incr by fatty acids, amino acids (d) n/a (e) in cholelithiasis, pain worsens after fatty food ingestion due to incr CCK |
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Secretin
(a) source (b) action (c) stimulus (d) inhibition (e) notes |
(a) S cells (duodenum)
(b) incr pancreatic HCO3, bile secretion Decr gastric acid secretion (c) incr by FA in duodenum (d) n/a (f) incr HCO3 neutralizes fastric acid in duodenum, allowing pancreatic enzymes to fct |
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Somatostatin
(a) source (b) action (c) stimulus (d) inhibition (e) notes |
(a) D cells (pancreatic islets, GI mucosa)
(b) decr gastric acid and pepsinogen secretion, pancreatic and small int fluid secretion, GB contraction, insulin and glucagon release (c) incr by acid (d) decr by vagal stimulation (e) inhibitory hormone; antigrowth effects (digestion and absorption of substances needed for growth); used to treat VIPoma and carcinoid tumors |
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Glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide (GIP)
(a) source (b) action (c) stimulus (d) inhibition (e) notes |
(a) K cells (duodenum, jejunum)
(b) exocrine: decr H+ secretion Endocrine: incr insulin release (c) incr by FA, aa, oral glucose (d) n/a (e) an oral glucose load is used more rapidly than the equivalent give by IV |
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Vasoactive intestinal peptide
(a) source (b) action (c) stimulus (d) inhibition (e) notes |
(a) parasympathetic ganglia in sphincters, GB, small intestine
(b) incr intestinal water and electrolyte secretion, incr relaxation of intestinal smooth muscle and sphincters (c) incr by distention and vagal stim Decr by adrenergic output (d) VIPoma-non alpha or beta islet cell pancreatic tumor that secretes VIP and causes copius diarrhea |
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Nitric oxide
(a) source (b) action (c) stimulus (d) inhibition (e) notes |
(a) n/a
(b) incr smooth muscle relaxation, including LES (c) n/a (d)n/a (e) loss of NO secretion implicated in incr LES tone in achalasia |
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Motilin
(a) source (b) action (c) stimulus (d) inhibition (e) notes |
(a) small intestine
(b) produces MMC's (c) incr in fasting state (d) n/a (e) n/a |
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Histamine
(a) source (b) action (c) stimulus (d) inhibition (e) notes |
(a) enterochromaffin cells
(b) incr gastric acid secretion (directly and potentiates gastrin and vagal stimulation) (c) gastrin, ach (d) n/a (e) n/a |
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GRP
(a) source (b) action (c) stimulus (d) inhibition (e) notes |
(a) vagal nerve endings
(b) stimulates gastrin release from G cells (c) cephalic stimulation, gastric distension (d) n/a |
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Pancreatic polypeptide
(a) source (b) action (c) stimulus (d) inhibition (e) notes |
(a) F cells of pancreas, small intestine
(b) protein, fat, glucose in lumen (c) n/a (d) decr pancreatic secretion (e) n/a |
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Enteroglucagon
(a) source (b) action (c) stimulus (d) inhibition (e) notes |
(a) L cells of intestine
(b) decr gastric/pancreatic secretions Incr insulin release (c) n/a (d) n/a (e) n/a |
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Intrinsic factor
(a) source (b) action (c) regulation (d) notes |
(a) parietal cells (stomach-body/fundus)
(b) vitB12 binding protein (required fro B12 uptake in terminal ileum) (c) n/a (d) autoimmune destruction of parietal cells causing chronic gastritis and pernicious anemia |
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Gastric acid
(a) source (b) action (c) regulation (d) Notes |
(a) parietal cells (stomach)
(b) decr stomach pH (c) incr by histamine, Ach, gastrin Decr by stomatostatin, Gip, prostaglandin secretion (d) gastrinoma: gastrin secreting tumor that causes continuous high levels of acid secretion and ulcers |
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Pepsinogen
(a) source (b) action (c) regulation (d) notes |
(a) chief cells (stomach-body/fundus)
(b) protein digestion (c) incr by vagal stimulation, local acid (d) inactive pepsinogen (goes to active by H+) |
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Bicarbonate
(a) source (b) action (c) regulation (d) notes |
(a) mucosal cells (stomach, duodenum, Brunner's glands)
(b) neutralizes acid, prevents autodigestion (c) incr by secretin (d) bicarb trapped in mucus that covers gastric epithelium |
