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12 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Physiologic effects of stress
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-Induces production of FFA's
-Induced production of 17-OH (immunosuppression) -Induces production of lipids, cholesterol, and catecholamines -Affects water absorption -Affects muscular tonicity -Affects gastrocolic reflex -Affects mucosal circulation |
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Differential diagnosis for sexual dysfct
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3.
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BMI (define and cutoffs)
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Measure of weight adjusted for height.
BMI=wt (kg)/ht(cm)2 <18.5 underwt 18.5-24.9 normal 25-29.9 overwt >30 obese |
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Describe the different stages of sleep (% of total sleep time, description, and EEG wave form); also include waveforms for being awake
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Awake eyes open (beta -highest frequency, lowest amplitude)
Awake eyes closed (alpha) Stage1 (5%): Light sleep (theta) Stage 2 (45%): deeper sleep; bruxism (Sleep spindles and K complexes) Stage 3-4 (25%): Deepest, non REM sleep; sleepwalking, night terrors; bedwetting aka slow wave sleep (delta-lowest frequency, highest amplitude) REM (25%): Dreams, loss of motor tone, possible memory processing fct, erections, increased brain oxygen use (beta) |
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How are benzodiazepines useful for sleep aids?
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Shorten stage 4 sleep so are useful for night terrors and sleepwalking.
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How is imipramine used for sleep aid?
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Used to treat enuresis b/c it decreases stage 4 sleep.
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What neurotransmitter is necessary to initiate sleep?
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Serotonin predominance of raphe nucleus
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What neurotransmitter reduces REM sleep?
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NE
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What neurological structure is responsible for extraocular eye movements during REM?
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PPRF
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Principle neurotransmitter involved in REM sleep
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Ach
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Describe narcolepsy
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Disordered regulation of sleep-wake cycles. May include hypnagogic (before sleep) or hypnopompic (before awakening). Sleep episodes start with REM cycles. Cataplexy in some patients. Strong genetic component. Treat with stimulants (amphetamines, modafinil)
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Describe the neurologic control of circadian rhythm
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Driven by suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) of hypothalamus; controls ACTH, prolactin, melatonin, nocturnal NE release. SCN-->NE release-->pineal gland-->melatonin. SCN is regulated by environment (light).
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