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50 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Increases in estrogen, GnRH receptors on anterior pituitary. Estrogen surge then stimulates LH release that produces |
Ovulation |
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Refers to transient mid-cycle ovulatory pain; classically associated with peritoneal irritation, can mimic appendicitis |
Mittelschmers |
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Fertilization most commonly occurs in |
Upper end of fallopian tube(the ampulla) |
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Occurs 6 dyas after fertilization |
Implantation within the wall of the urerus |
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At what week is hCG detectable in blood? |
1 week after conception |
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At what week is hCG detectable on home test in urine? |
2 weeks after conception |
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After labor, the decreases in progesterone and estrogen disinhibist |
Laction |
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Induces and maintains lactation and decreases reproductive function. |
Prolactin |
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Assists in milk letdown; also promotes uterine contractions. |
Oxytocin |
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What immunoglobulins is present in maternal milk? |
Mosly igA |
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hCG is secreted by? |
Syncytiotrophoblast of placenta |
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What are the functions of hCG? |
Maintains the corpus luteum Used to detect pregnancy because is appears aerly in the urine Act like LH
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In the 2nd and 3rd trimesters, the placenta synthesizes its own? |
Estriol and Progesterone |
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alfa-subunit of hCG is strucurally identical to what hormones? |
alfa-subunit of LH, FHS, and TSH |
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hCG levels increases in what circumstances ? |
Multiple gestations hydatiform mole choriocarcinoma Gestational thophoblastic disease
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What are the functions of prostaglandins in the smooth muscle of the uterus? |
make the uterine muscles contract and help the uterus shed the lining that has built up during the menstrual cycl |
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GnRH analog with agonist properties when used in pulsatile fashion; antagonist properties when used in continuous. |
Leuprolide |
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What are the clinical uses of Leuprolide? |
Infertility (pulsatile) Prostate cancer (continuous) Uterine fibroids (continuous) Precocious puberty (continuos)
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What are the SE of Leuprolide? |
Antiandrogen Nausea Vomiting |
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What are the clinical uses of Ethnyl estradiol , DES, mestranol ? |
Hypogonadism or ovarian failure Menstrual abnormalities HRT in postmenopausal women Androgen-dependent prostate cancer
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What are the SE of Ethnyl estradiol , DES, mestranol ? |
Risk of thrombi Risk of endometrial cancer Bleedin in postmenopausal Clear cell adenocarcioma of vagina |
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What are the contraindications of Ethnyl estradiol , DES, mestranol ? |
Breast cancer History of DVTs Uncontrolled HTN Migraine with aura |
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Antagonist at estrogen receptors in hypothalamus. prevents normal feedback inhibition and increases release of LH and FSH from pituitary. |
Clomiphene |
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Used to treat infertility due to anovulation |
Clomiphene |
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What are the SE of clomiphene ? |
Hot flashes Ovarian enlargement Multiple simultaneous pregnancies Visual disturbances |
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Primarily used to treat and prevent recurrence of ER+ breast cancer |
Tamoxifen |
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Used to treat osteoporosis, does not increases in risk of endometrial cancer |
Raloxifene |
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Antagonist on breast tissue, agonist at uterus |
Tamoxifen |
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Agonist on bone, antagonist at uterus |
Raloxifene |
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Used for relief or prevention of menopausal symptoms and osteoporosis |
Hormone replacement therapy |
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What are the SE of Hormone replacement therapy? |
increase in risk of endometrial cancer Possible increased cardiovascular risk |
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Aromatase inhibitors used in postmenopausal women with breast cancer |
Anastrozole/exemestane |
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What is the mechanism of Progestins? |
Bind progesterone receptors decreases in growth and increase in vascularization of endometrium |
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What are the clinical uses of Progestins? |
Oral contraceptives Endometrial cancer abnormal uterine bleeding
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Associated with bone density loss especially if log-term, not ideal for more than 2 years of use |
Medroxyprogesterone |
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Synthetic steroid competitive inhibitor of progestins at progesterone receptors |
Mefepristone (RU-486) |
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What are the clinical uses of mefepristone? |
Termination of pregnancy administered with misoprostol |
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What are the SE of mifepristone ? |
Heavy bleeding GI effects (nausea, vomiting, anorexia) Abdominal pain |
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What oral contraception cause thickening of the cervical mucus, thereby limiting access of sperm to uterus? |
Progestins |
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What are the contraindications of oral contraceptio (synthetic progestins, estrogen) |
Smokers>35 years old History of thromboembolism and stroke History of estrogen-dependent tumor Pts |
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What are the clinical uses of oral contraceptio (synthetic progestins, estrogen)? |
Regulation of menses decreases ectopic pregnancy decreases endometrial and ovarian cancer decrease acne |
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What are the SE of oral contraceptio (synthetic progestins, estrogen)? |
Increases coagulability, risk of DVT, HT GI efffects Weight gains increases Triglycerides |
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Decrease in estrogen production due to age-linked decline in number of ovarian follicles. average age at onset is 51 years |
Menopause |
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What are the hormonal changes in menopause? |
Decrease in estrogen production Increases in FHS, LH, and GnRH hormones |
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Menopause can causes |
HAVOCS
Hot flashes Atrophy of the Vagina Osteoporosis Coronary artery disease Sleep disturbances Hirsurtism
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Menopause before age 40 can indicate |
Premature ovarian failure |
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Source of estrogen (estrone) after menopause becomes peripheral conversion of |
Androgens
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Occur in 75% of menopausal women, starts in face and chest then generalizes, last 2-4 mins, associated with diaphoresis and palpitations |
Hot flashes |
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What is the treatment of menopausal Hot flashes? |
Estrogen replacement |
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What is the herbal treatment of menopausal hot flashes? |
Soy isoflavones Red clover Black cohosh vitamin E |
