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276 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Actinic keratosis
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Often precedes squamous cell carcinoma
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Addison's disease
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1° adrenocortical deficiency
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Albright's syndrome
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Polyostotic fibrous dysplasia, precocious puberty, café-au-lait spots, short stature, young girls
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Albuminocytologic dissociation
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Guillain-Barré (↑ protein in CSF with only modest ↑ in cell count)
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Alport's syndrome
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Hereditary nephritis with nerve deafness
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Anti-basement membrane antibodies
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Goodpasture's syndrome
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Anticentromere antibodies
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Scleroderma (CREST)
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Anti-double-stranded DNA antibodies (ANA antibodies)
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SLE (type III hypersensitivity)
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Anti-epithelial cell antibodies
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Pemphigus vulgaris
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Antigliadin antibodies
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Celiac disease
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Antihistone antibodies
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Drug-induced SLE
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Anti-IgG antibodies
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Rheumatoid arthritis
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Antimitochondrial antibodies
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1° biliary cirrhosis
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Antineutrophil antibodies
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Vasculitis
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Antiplatelet antibodies
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Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura
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Arachnodactyly
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Marfan's syndrome
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Argyll Robertson pupil
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Neurosyphilis
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Arnold-Chiari malformation
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Cerebellar tonsillar herniation
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Aschoff bodies
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Rheumatic fever
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Atrophy of the mammillary bodies
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Wernicke's encephalopathy
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Auer rods
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Acute myelogenous leukemia (especially the promyelocytic type)
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Autosplenectomy
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Sickle cell anemia
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Babinski's sign
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UMN lesion
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Baker's cyst in popliteal fossa
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Rheumatoid arthritis
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"Bamboo spine" on x-ray
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Ankylosing spondylitis
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Bartter's syndrome
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Hyperreninemia
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Basophilic stippling of RBCs
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Lead poisoning
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Becker's muscular dystrophy
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Defective dystrophin; less severe than Duchenne's
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Bell's palsy
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LMN CN VII palsy
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Bence Jones proteins
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Multiple myeloma (kappa or lambda Ig light chains in urine), Waldenström's macroglobulinemia (IgM)
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Berger's disease
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IgA nephropathy
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Bernard-Soulier disease
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Defect in platelet adhesion
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Bilateral hilar adenopathy, uveitis
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Sarcoidosis
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Birbeck granules on EM
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Histiocytosis X (eosinophilic granuloma)
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Bloody tap on LP
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Subarachnoid hemorrhage
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"Blue bloater"
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Chronic bronchitis
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Blue-domed cysts
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Fibrocystic change of the breast
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Blue sclera
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Osteogenesis imperfecta
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Boot-shaped heart on x-ray
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Tetralogy of Fallot; RVH
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Bouchard's nodes
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Osteoarthritis (PIP swelling 2° to osteophytes)
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Boutonnière deformity
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Rheumatoid arthritis
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Branching rods in oral infection
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Actinomyces israelii
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"Brown tumor" of bone
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Hemorrhage causes brown color of osteolytic cysts: 1. Hyperparathyroidism 2. Osteitis fibrosa cystica (von Recklinghausen's disease)
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Brushfield's spots
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Down syndrome
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Bruton's disease
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X-linked agammaglobulinemia
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Budd-Chiari syndrome
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Posthepatic venous thrombosis
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Buerger's disease
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Small/medium-artery vasculitis
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Burkitt's lymphoma
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8:14 translocation; associated with EBV
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Burton's lines
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Lead poisoning
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C-ANCA, P-ANCA
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Wegener's granulomatosis, polyarteritis nodosa
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Café-au-lait spots on skin
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Neurofibromatosis
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Caisson disease
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Gas emboli
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Calf pseudohypertrophy
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Duchenne's muscular dystrophy
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Call-Exner bodies
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Granulosa-theca cell tumor of the ovary
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Cardiomegaly with apical atrophy
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Chagas' disease
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Cerebriform nuclei
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Mycosis fungoides (cutaneous T-cell lymphoma)
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Chagas' disease
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Trypanosome infection
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Chancre
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1° syphilis (not painful)
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Chancroid
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Haemophilus ducreyi (painful)
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Charcot's triad
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Multiple sclerosis (nystagmus, intention tremor, scanning speech), cholangitis (jaundice, RUQ pain, fever)
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Charcot-Leyden crystals
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Bronchial asthma (eosinophil membranes)
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Chédiak-Higashi disease
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Phagocyte deficiency
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Cherry-red spot on macula
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Tay-Sachs, Niemann-Pick disease, central retinal artery occlusion
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Cheyne-Stokes respirations
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Central apnea in CHF and ↑ intracranial pressure
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"Chocolate cysts"
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Endometriosis (frequently involves both ovaries)
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Chronic atrophic gastritis
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Predisposition to gastric carcinoma
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Chvostek's sign
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Hypocalcemia (facial muscle spasm upon tapping)
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Clear cell adenocarcinoma of
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DES exposure in utero
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Clue cells
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Gardnerella vaginitis
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Codman's triangle on x-ray
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Osteosarcoma
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Cold agglutinins
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Mycoplasma pneumoniae, infectious mononucleosis
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Cold intolerance
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Hypothyroidism
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Condylomata lata
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2° syphilis
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Continuous machinery murmur
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Patent ductus arteriosus
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Cori's disease
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Debranching enzyme deficiency
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Cotton-wool spots
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Chronic hypertension
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Cough, conjunctivitis, coryza
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Measles
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Councilman bodies
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Toxic or viral hepatitis
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Cowdry type A bodies
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Herpesvirus
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Crescents in Bowman's capsule
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Rapidly progressive crescentic glomerulonephritis
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Crigler-Najjar syndrome
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Congenital unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia
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Curling's ulcer
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Acute gastric ulcer associated with severe burns
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Currant-jelly sputum
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Klebsiella
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Curschmann's spirals
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Bronchial asthma (whorled mucous plugs)
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Cushing's ulcer
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Acute gastric ulcer associated with CNS injury
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D-dimers
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DIC
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Depigmentation of neurons in
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Parkinson's disease (basal ganglia disorder--rigidity, resting tremor, bradykinesia)
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Dermatitis, dementia, diarrhea
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Pellagra (niacin, vitamin B3 deficiency)
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Diabetes insipidus + exophthalmos +
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Hand-Schüller-Christian disease
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Dog or cat bite
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Pasteurella multocida
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Donovan bodies
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Granuloma inguinale
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Dressler's syndrome
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Post-MI fibrinous pericarditis
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Dubin-Johnson syndrome
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Congenital conjugated hyperbilirubinemia (black liver)
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Duchenne's muscular dystrophy
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Deleted dystrophin gene (X-linked recessive)
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Eburnation
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Osteoarthritis (polished, ivory-like appearance of bone)
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Edwards' syndrome
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Trisomy 18 associated with rocker-bottom feet, low-set ears, heart disease
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Eisenmenger's complex
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Late cyanosis shunt (uncorrected L → R shunt becomes R → L shunt)
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Elastic skin
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Ehlers-Danlos syndrome
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Erb-Duchenne palsy
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Superior trunk brachial plexus injury ("waiter's tip")
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Erythema chronicum migrans
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Lyme disease
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Fanconi's syndrome
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Proximal tubular reabsorption defect
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"Fat, female, forty, and fertile"
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Acute cholecystitis
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Fatty liver
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Alcoholism
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Ferruginous bodies
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Asbestosis
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Gardner's syndrome
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Colon polyps with osteomas and soft tissue tumors
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Gaucher's disease
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Glucocerebrosidase deficiency
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Ghon focus
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1° TB
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Gilbert's syndrome
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Benign congenital unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia
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Glanzmann's thrombasthenia
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Defect in platelet aggregation
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Goodpasture's syndrome
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Autoantibodies against alveolar and glomerular basement membrane proteins
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Gowers' maneuver
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Duchenne's (use of patient's arms to help legs pick self off the floor)
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Guillain-Barré syndrome
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Idiopathic polyneuritis
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"Hair-on-end" appearance on x-ray
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β-thalassemia, sickle cell anemia (extramedullary hematopoiesis)
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Hand-Schüller-Christian disease
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Chronic progressive histiocytosis
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HbF
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Thalassemia major
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HbS
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Sickle cell anemia
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hCG elevated
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Choriocarcinoma, hydatidiform mole (occurs with and without embryo)
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Heberden's nodes
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Osteoarthritis (DIP swelling 2° to osteophytes)
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Heinz bodies
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G6PD deficiency
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Henoch-Schönlein purpura
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Hypersensitivity vasculitis associated with hemorrhagic urticaria and URIs
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Heterophil antibodies
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Infectious mononucleosis (EBV)
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High-output cardiac failure (dilated cardiomyopathy)
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Wet beriberi (thiamine, vitamin B1 deficiency)
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HLA-B27
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Reiter's syndrome, ankylosing spondylitis
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HLA-DR3 or -DR4
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Diabetes mellitus type 1 (caused by autoimmune destruction of β cells)
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Homer Wright rosettes
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Neuroblastoma
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Honeycomb lung on x-ray
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Interstitial fibrosis
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Horner's syndrome
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Ptosis, miosis, and anhidrosis
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Howell-Jolly bodies
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Splenectomy (or nonfunctional spleen)
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Huntington's disease
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Caudate degeneration (autosomal dominant)
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Hyperphagia + hypersexuality + hyperorality + hyperdocility
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Klüver-Bucy syndrome (amygdala)
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Hyperpigmentation of skin
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1° adrenal insufficiency (Addison's disease)
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Hypersegmented neutrophils
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Macrocytic anemia
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Hypertension + hypokalemia
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Conn's syndrome
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Hypochromic microcytosis
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Iron deficiency anemia, lead poisoning
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Increased α-fetoprotein in amniotic fluid/maternal serum
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Anencephaly, spina bifida (neural tube defects)
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Increased uric acid levels
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Gout, Lesch-Nyhan syndrome, myeloproliferative disorders, loop and thiazide diuretics
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Intussusception
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Adenovirus (causes hyperplasia of Peyer's patches)
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Janeway lesions
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Endocarditis
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Jarisch-Herxheimer reaction
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Syphilis—overaggressive treatment of an asymptomatic patient that causes symptoms due to rapid lysis
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Job's syndrome
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Neutrophil chemotaxis abnormality
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Kaposi's sarcoma
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AIDS in MSM (men who have sex with men)
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Kartagener's syndrome
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Dynein defect
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Kayser-Fleischer rings
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Wilson's disease
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Keratin pearls
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Squamous cell carcinoma
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Kimmelstiel-Wilson nodules
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Diabetic nephropathy
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Klüver-Bucy syndrome
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Bilateral amygdala lesions
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Koilocytes
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HPV
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Koplik spots
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Measles
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Krukenberg tumor
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Gastric adenocarcinoma with ovarian metastases
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Kussmaul hyperpnea
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Diabetic ketoacidosis
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Lens dislocation + aortic dissection + joint hyperflexibility
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Marfan's syndrome (fibrillin deficit)
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Lesch-Nyhan syndrome
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HGPRT deficiency
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Lewy bodies
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Parkinson's disease
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Libman-Sacks disease
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Endocarditis associated with SLE
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Lines of Zahn
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Arterial thrombus
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Lisch nodules
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Neurofibromatosis (von Recklinghausen's disease)
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Low serum ceruloplasmin
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Wilson's disease
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Lucid interval
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Epidural hematoma
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"Lumpy-bumpy" appearance of glomeruli on immunofluorescence
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Poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis
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Lytic bone lesions on x-ray
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Multiple myeloma
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Mallory bodies
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Alcoholic liver disease
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Mallory-Weiss syndrome
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Esophagogastric lacerations
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McArdle's disease
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Muscle phosphorylase deficiency
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McBurney's sign
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Appendicitis
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MLF syndrome (INO)
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Multiple sclerosis
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Monoclonal antibody spike
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Multiple myeloma (called the M protein; usually IgG or IgA), MGUS (monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance), Waldenström's (M protein = IgM) macroglobulinemia
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Myxedema
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Hypothyroidism
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Necrotizing vasculitis (lungs) and necrotizing glomerulonephritis
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Wegener's and Goodpasture's (hemoptysis and glomerular disease)
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Needle-shaped, negatively birefringent crystals
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Gout
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Negri bodies
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Rabies
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Nephritis + cataracts + hearing loss
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Alport's syndrome
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Neurofibrillary tangles
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Alzheimer's disease
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Niemann-Pick disease
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Sphingomyelinase deficiency
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No lactation postpartum
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Sheehan's syndrome (pituitary infarction)
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Nutmeg liver
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CHF
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Occupational exposure to asbestos
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Malignant mesothelioma
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"Orphan Annie" nuclei
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Papillary carcinoma of the thyroid
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Osler's nodes
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Endocarditis
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Owl's eye
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CMV
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Painless jaundice
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Pancreatic cancer (head)
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Palpable purpura on legs and buttocks
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Henoch-Schönlein purpura
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Pancoast's tumor
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Bronchogenic apical tumor associated with Horner's syndrome
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Pannus
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Rheumatoid arthritis
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Parkinson's disease
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Nigrostriatal dopamine depletion
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Periosteal elevation on x-ray
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Pyogenic osteomyelitis
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Peutz-Jeghers syndrome
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Benign polyposis
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Peyronie's disease
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Penile fibrosis
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Philadelphia chromosome (bcr-abl )
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CML (may sometimes be associated with AML)
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Pick bodies
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Pick's disease
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Pick's disease
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Progressive dementia, similar to Alzheimer's
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"Pink puffer"
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Emphysema (centroacinar [smoking], panacinar [α1-antitrypsin deficiency])
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Plummer-Vinson syndrome
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Esophageal webs with iron deficiency anemia
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Podagra
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Gout (MP joint of hallux)
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Podocyte fusion
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Minimal change disease
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Polyneuropathy, cardiac pathology, and edema
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Dry beriberi (thiamine, vitamin B1 deficiency)
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Polyneuropathy preceded by GI or respiratory infection
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Guillain-Barré syndrome
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Pompe's disease
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Lysosomal glucosidase deficiency associated with cardiomegaly
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Port-wine stain
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Hemangioma
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Positive anterior "drawer sign"
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Anterior cruciate ligament injury
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Pott's disease
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Vertebral tuberculosis
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Pseudopalisade tumor cell arrangement
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Glioblastoma multiforme
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Pseudorosettes
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Ewing's sarcoma
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Ptosis, miosis, anhidrosis
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Horner's syndrome (Pancoast's tumor)
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Rash on palms and soles
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2° syphilis, Rocky Mountain spotted fever
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Raynaud's syndrome
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Recurrent vasospasm in extremities
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RBC casts in urine
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Acute glomerulonephritis
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Recurrent pulmonary Pseudomonas and S. aureus infections
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Cystic fibrosis
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Red urine in the morning
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Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria
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Reed-Sternberg cells
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Hodgkin's lymphoma
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Reid index (increased)
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Chronic bronchitis
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Reinke crystals
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Leydig cell tumor
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Reiter's syndrome
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Urethritis, conjunctivitis, arthritis
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Renal cell carcinoma + cavernous hemangiomas + adenomas
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von Hippel-Lindau disease
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Renal epithelial casts in urine
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Acute toxic/viral nephrosis
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Rhomboid crystals, positively birefringent
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Pseudogout
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Rib notching
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Coarctation of aorta
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Roth's spots in retina
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Endocarditis
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Rotor's syndrome
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Congenital conjugated hyperbilirubinemia
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Rouleaux formation (RBCs)
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Multiple myeloma
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Russell bodies
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Multiple myeloma
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S3
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Left-to-right shunt (VSD, PDA, ASD), mitral regurgitation, LV failure (CHF)
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S4
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Aortic stenosis, hypertrophic subaortic stenosis
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Schiller-Duval bodies
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Yolk sac tumor
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Senile plaques
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Alzheimer's disease
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Sézary syndrome
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Cutaneous T-cell lymphoma
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Sheehan's syndrome
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Postpartum pituitary necrosis
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Shwartzman reaction
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Neisseria meningitidis
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Signet-ring cells
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Gastric carcinoma
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Simian crease
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Down syndrome
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Sipple's syndrome
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MEN type IIa
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Sjögren's syndrome
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Dry eyes, dry mouth, arthritis
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Skip lesions
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Crohn's
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Slapped cheeks
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Erythema infectiosum (fifth disease)
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Smith antigen
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SLE
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"Smudge cell"
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CLL
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Soap bubble on x-ray
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Giant cell tumor of bone
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Spike and dome on EM
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Membranous glomerulonephritis
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Spitz nevus
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Benign juvenile melanoma
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Splinter hemorrhages in fingernails
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Endocarditis
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Starry-sky pattern
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Burkitt's lymphoma
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"Strawberry tongue"
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Scarlet fever
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Streaky ovaries
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Turner's syndrome
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String sign on x-ray
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Crohn's disease
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Subepithelial humps on EM
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Poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis
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Suboccipital lymphadenopathy
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Rubella
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Sulfur granules
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Actinomyces israelii
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Swollen gums, bruising, poor wound healing, anemia
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Scurvy (ascorbic acid, vitamin C deficiency)—vitamin C is necessary for hydroxylation of proline and lysine in collagen synthesis
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Systolic ejection murmur (crescendo-decrescendo)
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Aortic valve stenosis
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t(8;14)
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Burkitt's lymphoma (c-myc activation)
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t(9;22)
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Philadelphia chromosome, CML (bcr-abl hybrid)
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t(14;18)
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Follicular lymphomas (bcl-2 activation)
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Tabes dorsalis
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3° syphilis
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Tendon xanthomas (classically Achilles)
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Familial hypercholesterolemia
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Thumb sign on lateral x-ray
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Epiglottitis (Haemophilus influenzae)
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Thyroidization of kidney
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Chronic bacterial pyelonephritis
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Tophi
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Gout
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"Tram-track" appearance on LM
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Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis
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Trousseau's sign
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Visceral cancer, pancreatic adenocarcinoma (migratory thrombophlebitis), hypocalcemia (carpal spasm)
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Virchow's node
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Left supraclavicular node enlargement from metastatic carcinoma of the stomach
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Virchow's triad
|
Pulmonary embolism (triad = blood stasis, endothelial damage, hypercoagulation)
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von Recklinghausen's disease
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Neurofibromatosis with café-au-lait spots
|
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von Recklinghausen's disease of bone
|
Osteitis fibrosa cystica ("brown tumor")
|
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Wallenberg's syndrome
|
PICA thrombosis
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Waterhouse-Friderichsen syndrome
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Adrenal hemorrhage associated with meningococcemia
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Waxy casts
|
Chronic end-stage renal disease
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WBC casts in urine
|
Acute pyelonephritis
|
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WBCs in urine
|
Acute cystitis
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Wermer's syndrome
|
MEN type I
|
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Whipple's disease
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Malabsorption syndrome caused by Tropheryma whippelii
|
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Wilson's disease
|
Hepatolenticular degeneration
|
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"Wire loop" appearance on LM
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Lupus nephropathy
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"Worst headache of my life"
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Berry aneurysm—associated with adult polycystic kidney disease
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Xanthochromia (CSF)
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Subarachnoid hemorrhage
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Xerostomia + arthritis + keratoconjunctivitis sicca
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Sjögren's syndrome
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Zenker's diverticulum
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Upper GI diverticulum
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Zollinger-Ellison syndrome
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Gastrin-secreting tumor associated with ulcers
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