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32 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Mutated in xeroderma pigmentosa.
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Nucleotide excision repair.
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Nucleotide excision repair mechanism?
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Specific endonucleases release the oligonucleotide containing damaged bases. DNA polymerase and ligase fill in and reseal the gap.
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Base excision repair mechanism?
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Specific glycosylases recognize and remove damaged bases, AP endonuclease cuts DNA at apyrimidinic site, empty sugar is removed and DNA polymerase and ligase fill in and reseal the gap.
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Mismatch repair mechanism?
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Unmethylated, newly synthesized string is recognized, mismatched nucleotides are removed and the gap is filled and resealed.
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Mutated in hereditary nonpolyposis colon cancer.
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DNA mismatch repair.
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Double strand non homologous end joining.
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Brings together two ends of DNA fragments.
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In what direction are DNA and RNA synthesized?
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5' -> 3'
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In what direction are proteins synthesized?
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5' -> 3'
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What are the types of RNA?
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mRNA. tRNA, rRNA
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What is the largest type of RNA?
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mRNA
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What is the most abundant type of RNA?
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rRNA.
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What is the smallest type of RNA?
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tRNA
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What are the RNA polymerases for eukaryotes.
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RNA polymerase I, II, and III.
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What does RNA polymerase I make?
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rRNA.
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What does RNA polymerase II make?
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mRNA.
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What does RNA polymerase III make?
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tRNA.
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What inhibits RNA polymerase II ?
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alpha-amanitin.
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What are the RNA polymerases for prokaryotes?
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RNA polymerase makes all 3 kinds of RNA.
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What are the mRNA start codons?
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AUG and rarely GUG.
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What are the mRNA stop codons?
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UGA, UAA, UAG.
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Site where RNA polymerase and other transcription factors bind to DNA from AT rich upstream sequence with TATA and CAAT boxes (gene locus).
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Promoter site.
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Stretch of DNA that alters gene expression by binding transcription factors
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Enhancer.
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Site where negative regulators bind.
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Operator.
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What is an exon?
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Exons contain the actual genetic information coding for protein.
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What is an intron?
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Introns are intervening non-coding segments of DNA.
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What is RNA splicing?
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Modification of an RNA after transcription, in which introns are removed and exons are joined.
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First step in mRNA splicing?
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Primary transcript combines with snRNPs (small nuclear ribonucleoproteins) to form spliceosome.
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Second step in mRNA splicing?
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Lariat intermediate is generated.
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Third step in mRNA splicing?
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Lariat is released to remove intron and exons are joined.
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RNA processing step 1?
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Capping on 5' end (7 methyl-G).
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RNA processing step 2?
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Polyadenylation on 3' end
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RNA processing step 3?
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Splicing out of intros.
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