Usmle Rna Viruses

Front 1

RNA Virus Families

Back 1

1. Picornaviridae
2. Coronoviridae
3. Caliciviridae
4. Togaviridae
5. Flaviviridae
6. Paramyxoviridae
7. Orthomyxoviridae

Front 2

Picornaviridae Family Viruses

Back 2

(Enteroviruses)
1. Polioviruses
2. Coxsackie A16
3. Coxsackie B
4. Echoviruses
5. Rhinoviruses
6. Hepatitis A

Front 3

Picornaviridae Family Viruses: Structure

Back 3

Naked, linear, + ssRNA

Front 4

Picornaviridae Family Viruses: Transmission/Reservoir

Back 4

Fecal/oral transmission
Exception; Rhinovirus - self-inoculation of nose/throat

Front 5

Polioviruses: Clinical Presentation

Back 5

1. Lyses anterior horn's motor neurons, leading to flaccid paralysis and aseptic mengingitis.
2. Can develop postpoliosyndrome (muscle atrophy)

Front 6

Coxsackie A16: Clinical Presentation

Back 6

1. Hand/foot/mouth disease = vesicles on hand feet and mouth
2. Herpangina (mouth sores)
3. Aseptic meningitis;

Front 7

Coxsackie B: Clinical Presentation

Back 7

1. Aseptic meningitis
2. Myocarditis
3. Intense intercostal pain with fever
(AKA; Bornholm disease, pleurodynia, or Devil's grip)

Front 8

Echoviruses: Clinial Presentation

Back 8

Fever of unknown origin, non specific rashes
(LOW YIELD)

Front 9

Rhinoviruses: Clinical Presentation

Back 9

Causes the common cold, over 100 serotypes; acid labile

Front 10

Hepatitis A: Clinical Presentation

Back 10

Infectious hepatitis
Anti-HAV-IgG indicates prior infection

Front 11

Coronovirus: Structure

Back 11

Enveloped; +ssRNA

Front 12

Coronovirus: Transmission/Reservoir

Back 12

Respiratory droplets

Front 13

Coronovirus: Clinical Presentation

Back 13

1. Implicated in infant gastroenteritis
2. SARS - fever, flu like illness, dry cough, dyspnea, progressive hypoxia

Front 14

Caliciviridae Family Viruses

Back 14

Norwalk
Hepatitis E

Front 15

Caliciviridae Family Viruses: Structure

Back 15

Naked, linear, + ssRNA

Front 16

Caliciviridae Family Viruses: Transmission/Reservoir

Back 16

Fecal/oral

Front 17

Norovirus: Clinical Presentation

Back 17

Adult gastroenteritis and watery diarrhea

Front 18

Norovirus: Distinguishing Features

Back 18

1. Cruise ship = norwalk
2. If you CAN walk, its norovirus
- if you can't (meaning infants) they tend to get rotavirius

Front 19

Hepatitis E: Clinical Symptoms

Back 19

Enteric hepatitis, self-limiting

Front 20

Rubella virus (Togaviridae (Alphavirus)): Structure

Back 20

Enveloped, linear, + ssRNA

Front 21

Rubella virus (Togaviridae (Alphavirus)): Transmission

Back 21

Respiratory droplets

Front 22

Rubella virus (Togaviridae (Alphavirus)): Clinical Presentation

Back 22

1. Maculopapular rash that begins at the forehead and works it way down the body
2. Can cause cataracts and deafness in neonates

Front 23

Flaviviridae Family Viruses

Back 23

1. West Nile Virus (WNV)
2. Dengue Virus
3. Yellow Fever Virus
4. Hepatitis C

Front 24

Flaviviridae: Structure

Back 24

Enveloped, +ssRNA, arboviruses

Front 25

Flaviviridae: Transmission/Reservoir

Back 25

Mosquito
(Except Hepatitis C - sexual transmission)

Front 26

West Nile Virus: Clinical Presentation

Back 26

Encephalitis virus; rash fever nausea vomiting

Front 27

Dengue Virus: Clinical Presentation

Back 27

1. Encephalitis virus; more hemmoragic
2. Break bone fever (severe joint pain)
3. Reinfection of DV leads to more severe disease due to immune response, the antibodies facilitate the entry, and accl. the infection
4. In children this leads to shock and death

Front 28

Yellow Fever Virus: Clinical Presentation

Back 28

1. Causes jaundice (yellow fever's name);
2. Targets kidney/heart and GI
3. Black vomit due to hemmoragic virus
4. A vaccine DOES exist

Front 29

Hepatitis C: Clinical Presentation

Back 29

Jaundice, hepatocellular carcinoma and cirrhosis

Front 30

Paramyxoviridae Family Viruses

Back 30

1. Measles
2. Mumps
3. Parainfluenza
4. Respiratory Syncitial Virus (RSV)

Front 31

Paramyxoviridae Family Viruses: Structure

Back 31

Enveloped, -ssRNA

Front 32

Paramyxoviridae Family Viruses: Transmission/Reservoir

Back 32

Respiratory

Front 33

Paramyxoviridae Family Viruses: Shared Features

Back 33

Giant multinucleated cells

Front 34

Measles: Clinical Features

Back 34

Similar to Rubella
1. 3 C's and a P= Cough, coryza (inflammation of the mucosal membranes of the nose), conjuntivitis, and P for photobia
2. Koplik Spots = maculopapular rash (little grains of sand surrounded by erythema/red based, blue-white centered oral lesions); from the ears down
3. Then, neurological symptoms = behavior changes, mood changes (years later, and it's rare)

Front 35

Mumps: Clinical Features

Back 35

1. Lytic infection
2. Bilateral parotitis (swelling of the two parotid glands)
3. When a male infected, it can cause orchitis -> sterility in males. HIGH YIELD FACT

Front 36

Parainfluenza: Clinical Features

Back 36

Self-limiting and mild
1. Croup (seal like barking)
2. Bronchiolitis
3. Pneumonia

Front 37

Respiratory Syncitial Virus (RSV): Clinical Features

Back 37

1. Bronchiolitis
2. Pneumonia
- viral pneumonia in a preemie, for eg., think first RSV

Front 38

Influenza A and B (Orthomyxoviridae): Structure

Back 38

Enveloped, helical, segmented, -ssRNA

Front 39

Influenza A and B (Orthomyxoviridae): Transmission/Reservoir

Back 39

Direct contact/respiratory droplets

Front 40

Influenza A and B (Orthomyxoviridae): Clinical Presentation

Back 40

Causes the flu
-Infects humans and animals

Front 41

Influenza A and B (Orthomyxoviridae): Pathogenesis

Back 41

- Neuroaminidase (NA)-liquefies the mucus for motilityl
- Hemagluttinin (HA)-binds to sailyic acid and allows it to enter the cell
- HA/NA both used to serotype the virus (H5N1 (avian influenza))

Front 42

Influenza A and B (Orthomyxoviridae): Genetics

Back 42

Antigenic drift - can happen with ANY RNA viruses
-RNA poly has NO proofreading, so mistakes aren't corrected
-leads to subtle changes to the antigencity of HA/NA
-responsible for epidemics
Vaccinated people can get the flu
-can only happen with a co-infection with TWO different strains of influenza A (not A and B)

Front 43

Hepatitis D; Stuff to know

Back 43

-ssRNA, circular and enveloped, unassigned (no family)
- Transmission of HDV can occur either via simultaneous infection with HBV (coinfection) or superimposed on chronic hepatitis B or hepatitis B carrier state (superinfection).
- Both superinfection and coinfection with HDV results in more severe complications compared to infection with HBV alone.
- These complications include a greater likelihood of experiencing liver failure in acute infections and a rapid progression to liver cirrhosis, with an increased chance of developing liver cancer in chronic infections. In combination with hepatitis B virus, hepatitis D has the highest mortality rate of all the hepatitis infections, at 20%.