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20 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Furosemide and urine effects
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Loop diuretic
Acts on NKCC2 channels in the thick ascending limb Will cause urinary excretion of sodium chloride, potassium, calcium and protons (acidifying the urine) Loops Lose calcium |
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In need of diuresis, but allergic to sulfa drugs
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ethacrynic acid- same effect as furosemide
furosemide = sulfa drug! |
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diuretic used in acute exacerbation of CHF (pulmonary edema)
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furosemide (loop)
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____ + spironolactone = hyperkalemia
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ACE inhibitor (such as enalopril)
other SE of ACE: CAPTOPRIL cough angioedema pregnancy issues taste changes hypOtension proteinuria rash increased renin lower angiotensin 2 |
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Typical antipsychotics
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long term use= tardive dyskinesia
haloperidol fluphenazine trifluoperazine |
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BDZ mechanism of action (diazepam)
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increasing FREQUENCY of chloride channels associated with GABA receptors, inhibiting neuronal firing
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absence seizure treatment
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T type calcium channel blockers: ethosuximide, valproic acid
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beta 1 selective antagonists
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acebutolol
betaxolol esmolol atenolol metoprolol useful in cardiac + pulm conditions |
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Pre-surgical treatment of pheochromocytoma
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Phenoxybenzamine- non-selective alpha-antagonist
longer acting than phentolamine |
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Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia: cause and mechanism
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antibody response to heparin and platelet factor IV...antibodies try to clear platelets (thrombocytopenia), but results in thrombus formation and hypercoagulable state (platelets clump together- fewer in serum, but clots formed)
treat with direct thrombin inhibitor |
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Direct thrombin inhibitors
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lepirudin, bivalirudin, argatroban
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Cimetidine
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H2 antagonist used in treatment of heart burn and GERD
SE: headaches, confusion, anti-androgen, p450 inhibition, thrombocytopenia |
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Misoprostol
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prostoglandin E1 analogue used to prevent ulcers with NSAID use
works on parietal cells to inhibit acid secretion and promote mucus/bicarb secretion Also used as abortifacient outside US |
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Odansetron, dolasetron, granisetron
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anti-nausea meds
serotonin antagonists SE: mild fatigue, constipation, urinary retension, dizziness, headache |
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Clarithromycin
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macrolide antibiotic associated with cholestatic hepatitis
irreversibly binds 50S subunit of bacterial ribosome- used to treat gram positive infections (Legionnaire's, syphilis, pneumonia) SE: cholestatic hepatitis, general GI discomfort, eosinophilia, skin rashes IV SE: thrombophlebitis |
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Doxycycline
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Tetracycline
binds 30S bacterial subunit, blocking bacterial protein translation SE: GI distress, tooth discoloration, photosensitivity |
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Octreotide
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somatostatin analogue, growth hormone secretion inhibitor
reduces secretion of gastrin, CCK, and secretin, vasoactive intestinal peptide reduces secretion of pancreatic fluids (reducing abdominal pain in chronic pancreatitis) used in treatment of acromegaly and chronic pancreatitis |
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cholecytstokinin (CCK)
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synthesized in the duodenal I cells
secreted to reduce gastic acid secretion, slow release of chyme in to the duodenum, promote pancreatic enzyme secretion and induce gallbladder contraction |
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Secretin
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released by S cells in response to duodenal fatty acids and acidity
stimulates bicarb secretion by the pancreas to maintain duodenal pH |
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Glucose-dependent insulinotrophic peptide
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decreases gastric proton secretion
increases insulin secretion |
