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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Borrelia burgdorferi Disease Features
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Lyme disease: 1. Rash (erythema chronicum migrans) 2. Severe fatigue 3. Involvement of heart, CNS, and joints
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Borrelia burgdorferi Identification
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1. Motile spirochetes 2. PCR
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Borrelia burgdorferi Pathogenic Factors
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Immune complexes
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Chlamydia trachomatis Disease Features
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1. Strains A-C: Trachoma (conjunctivitis) leading to blindness if untreated
2. Strains D-K: A) Urogenital infections B) Neonatal conjunctivitis 3. Strains L1-L3: Lymphogranuloma venereum |
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Chlamydia trachomatis Identification
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1. Obligate intracellular
2. No peptidoglycan in cell wall 3. Iodine staining inclusion body 4. Immunofluorescent staining |
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Chlamydia trachomatis Pathogenic Factors
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Unique life cycle: 1. Elementary body enters target cells 2. Reticulate body replicates within cells leading to cell lysis and host inflammatory response
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Mycobacterium leprae Identification
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1. Acid-fast aerobic rod 2. Obligate intracellular 3. Infects cool tissues
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Mycobacterium leprae Clinical Symptoms
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1. Tuberculoid form: a few hypoesthetic hairless skin plauqes
2. Lepramatous form: presents diffusely over skin and is communicable |
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Mycobacterium tuberculosis Identification
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1. Acid-fast rod 2. SLOW growth on Lowenstein-Jensen medium 3. +PPD skin test
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Mycobacterium tuberculosis Pathogenesis
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1. Inhibits lysosomal fusion 2. Inflammatory response is produced 2. Caseous granulomas
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Mycobacterium tuberculosis Disease Features
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Elderly, young, immunocompromised
1. Primary - asymptomatic lung infection Gohn complex 2. Latent - asymptomatic - TB hides in caseous granulomas 3. Reactivation - Fever, weight loss, hemoptysis 4. Miliary TB - distal nonpulomary organs (brain, heart, kidney, lymph nodes), Pott's Disease (skeletal) |
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Atypical Mycobacterium
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avium, kansaii, scrofulaeum, marinum
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Atypical Mycobacterium Clinical
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avium - pulmonary infection/lymphadenitis
kansaii - similar to TB (rare) scrofulaeum - cervical lymphadenitis marinum - ulceration and granulomas |
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Mycoplasma pneumoniae Disease Features
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1. Atypical (walking) pneumonia 2. Pharyngitis 3. Tracheobronchitis
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Nocardia spp. Disease Features
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1. Bronchopulmary infection (T-cell deficit)
2. Cavitary pulmonary lesions -> spread to skin and CNS 3. Primary skin lesions (mycetomas, cellulitis, subcutaneous abscesses) |
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Nocardia spp. Identification
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1. Acid-fast (weakly)
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Treponema pallidum Disease Features
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1. First-degree syphilis: A) Painless chancres
2. Second-degree syphilis: A) Flu-like syndrome B) Wartlike lesions (condylomata lata) C) May involve any organ D) Patchy rashes 3. Third-degree syphilis (rare): A) Gummas B) Aortitis C) CNS involvement |
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Treponema pallidum Identification
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1. Thin spirochetes visualized by dark field microscopy
2. VDRL or Rapid plasma Reagin (RPR) for cardiolipin - screening 3. (Fluorescent antibody) FTA-ABS test for treponemal antibodies to confirm |
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Treponema pallidum Pathogenic Factors
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1. Endotoxin like lipids 2. Spirochete penetrates mucous membranes
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Leptosipra Characteristics
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Aerobic, spirochete with hooked ends
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Leptosipra Disease
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1. Flu like symptoms
2. Immune phase A) Mild - Aseptic meningitis B) Severe - Weil's disease; Kidney damage and hepatic damage |
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Mycoplasma Disease Features
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1. Most common atypical (walking) pneumonia; low fever, hacking, non-productive cough, pharyngitis and malaise
2. X-ray shows patchy bilateral infiltrates |
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Mycoplasma Identification
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1. Smallest bacteria
2. Cold agglutination test - P1 protein |
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Mycoplasma Pathogenic Factors
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1. P1 protein - binds to respiratory epithelial cells,
2. anti-Mycoplasma antibodies cross-react with erythrocyte antigen |
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Ureaplasma
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Nongonococcal urethitis
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