Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
49 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Consequence of lesion at C5
|
deltoid weakness, sensory on shoulder
|
|
Lesion at C6
|
weak biceps, absent bicep reflex, thumb sensory loss
|
|
lesion at C7
|
tricep weakness, tricep reflex absent, index/middle finger sensory loss
|
|
lesion at C8
|
interosseous muscle weakness, horner syndrome, ring/pinky finger sensory loss.
|
|
L3-L4 disk herniation
|
pain: lower back, hip, posterolateral thigh, anterior leg.
numb: anteromedial thigh and knee. weak: quad reflex: knee jerk |
|
L4-5 disk herniation
|
L5 foot
pain: lateral thigh and leg numb: lateral lower leg, first three toes (inc. big toe) weak: big toe/foot dorsiflexion; foot drop; hard to walk on heels. reflex: post. tibial decreased. |
|
L5-S1 disk herniation
|
pain: sacroilial joint, hip posterolateral thigh; and leg to heel.
numb: back of calf; lateral heel; foot and toe weak: plantar flexion of foot/great toe. (atrophy of gastrocnemius and soleus) reflex: ankle jerk diminished or absent. |
|
Describe the anatomy of a femoral hernia
leading cause of.....? epidemiology? |
Inferolateral to lacunar ligament and medial to femoral vein
bowel incarceration, females. |
|
Direct hernia:
Anatomy Rings Covering Epidemiology |
Through Hesselbach's Triangle:
Medial to ingerior epigastric artery, lateral to rectus abdominals, superior of inguinal ligament Rings: only superficial (external) ring External spermatic fascia only epi: older men |
|
Indirect hernia:
Anatomy Rings Covering Epidemiology |
Lateral to inf. epigastric, superior to inguinal lig.
Goes through internal and external rings All three layers of sperm fascia. goes into scrotum. Infants. |
|
Describe epidural hematoma
|
biconcave,
middle meningeal artery from maxillary artery. rapid--- lucid interval... CAN cross midline and tentorium; will NOT cross suture lines |
|
Describe subdural hematoma
|
Bridging veins,
slower onset... crosses sutures, but NOT falx or tentorium. seen w/ elderly, alcoholics, shaken baby. |
|
Describe spinal tap of berry anuerysm rupture
|
bloody or yellow.... "worst headache of my life"
|
|
What does the facial nerve pass through?
What are the branches? |
Parotid gland:
Temporal (frontal) branch of the facial nerve Zygomatic branch of the facial nerve Buccal branch of the facial nerve Marginal mandibular branch of the facial nerve Cervical branch of the facial nerve |
|
Name the nerves that course through the cavernous sinus
What is the consequence? |
III, IV, V1, V2, V1.
Anastomoses from facial lesions to the cranial nerves...from the angular vein to the cavernous sinus. LR6, SO4! |
|
Lung cancer can often involve which nerve?
What is the significance of this? |
Left Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve.
Hoarseness. |
|
Explain the innervation of the laryngeal muscles
|
All= branches of Vagus.
Superior laryngeal n does cricothyroid. Inferior laryngeal nerve does all other muscles. |
|
Describe the divisions of the brachial plexus
|
Randy Travis Drinks Cold Beer
Roots, trunks, divisions, cords, branches |
|
Name the branches from the brachial plexus.
|
Musculocutaneous, axillary, radial, mediuan, ulnar
|
|
Describe the compartmental innervation by major branches of the brachial plexus
|
Anterior compartment
Musculocutaneous – anterior arm Median – anterior forearm Ulnar – anterior hand Posterior compartment Axillary – shoulder Radial - posterior arm & forearm |
|
Describe the Nerve Root innervation of the shoulder, elbow, wrist and hand
|
shoulder: c5,6
elbow: c6,7 wrist: c7,8 hand, c8, t1 |
|
Describe Erb-Duchenne Paralysis
|
Damage to upper trunk...
shoulder mvmts most affected Gets C5,C6. |
|
Describe Klumpke's paralysis
|
Damage of lower trunk
Hand mvmnts most affected. Can give horners syndrome b/c iterruption of fibers to cervical sympathetic trunk |
|
Describe Sympathetic innervation to the head
|
From T1-T4 and ascend in the chain.
Synapse in superior cervical ganglion. |
|
Describe Horners Syndrome
|
Loss of sympathetics to head:
Ptosis, Miosis, Anhydrosis |
|
Describe Trendelenburg Gait
|
Damage to superior gluteal nerve.
Denervation to gluteus minimus and gluteus medius which normally abduct on the weight bearing side. |
|
Name the muscles of the rotator cuff and describe their function
|
Supraspinatus: aBduction
Infraspinatu: Lateral Rotation Teres Minor: Lateral Rotation Subscapularis: Medial Rotation |
|
What will a blow to the lateral side of the knee likely damage?
|
MCL, Medial Meniscus, ACL
|
|
Describe the posterior and anterior drawer tests
|
Posterior tests for PCL patency.
Anterior tests for ACL patency |
|
Von Hippel Lindau
|
AD; Chromo 3
. Angiomatosis, hemangioblastomas, pheochromocytoma, renal cell carcinoma, pancreatic cysts and café au lait spots. |
|
Describe Broca's Aphasia:
|
Area 44/45 on left side.
can give contralateral hemiplegia. Motor aphasia w/ good comprehension |
|
What goes through the carpal tunnel?
|
Flexor tendons and median nerve.
|
|
Describe wernicke's aphasia:
|
area 22
sensory aphasia w/ poor comprehension |
|
lesion of arcuate fasciculus
|
conduction aphasia-
can talk and understand, but can't repeat. connects wernicke's and broca's |
|
lesion of amygdala
|
kluver bucy-
hyperphagia, hypersexual, hyperorality, disinhibition |
|
describe frontal lobe lesions
|
personality changes--- concentration problems, orientation problems, judgement probs, may have reemergence of primitive reflexes
|
|
right parietal lobe lesion
|
spatial neglect syndrome--- agnosia of the contralateral world.
|
|
reticular activation system lesion (midbrain)
|
problems in arousal and wakefulness (coma)
|
|
lesion of mammillary bodies
|
wernicke korsakoff- confusion, confabulation, opthalmoplegia, atazia.
|
|
cerebbellar hemisphere lesions
|
ipsi deficits, intention tremor, limb ataxia
|
|
cerebellar vermis lesions
|
truncal atazia, dysarthria
|
|
subthalamic nucleus lesion
|
hemiballismus (contralateral)
|
|
paramedian pontine reticular formation
|
eyes look away from lesion
|
|
frontal eye field lesion
|
eyes look towards lesion
|
|
hippocampus lesion
|
anterograde amnesia--- inability to make new memories.
|
|
intention tremor
|
associated w/ cerebellar dysfunc
|
|
resting tremor
|
associated w/ parkinson's
|
|
essential/postrual tremor
|
autosomal dominant... self-tx w/ alcohol.
real tx w/ beta blockers. |
|
hemiballismus... associated w/ what defect?
|
subthalamic nucleus (gives contralateral deficit).
|