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420 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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Actinic keratosis |
Often precedes squamous cell carcinoma
|
Classic Findings / Associations
|
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Addison's disease
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1° adrenocortical deficiency
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Classic Findings / Associations
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Albright's syndrome
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polyostotic fibrous dysplasia, precocious puberty, café-au-lait spots, short stature, young girls
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Classic Findings / Associations
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Albuminocytologic dissociation
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Guillain-Barré (↑ protein in CSF with only modest ↑ cell count)
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Classic Findings / Associations
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Alport's Syndrome
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Hereditary nephritis w/ nerve deafness
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Classic Findings / Associations
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Anti-basement membrane antibodies
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Goodpasture's syndrome
|
Classic Findings / Associations
|
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Anticentromere Antibodies
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Scleroderma (CREST)
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Classic Findings / Associations
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Anti-ds-DNA Antibodies (ANA)
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SLE (type III hypersensitivity)
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Classic Findings / Associations
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Anti-epithelial cell antibodies
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Pemphigus vulgaris
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Classic Findings / Associations
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Antigliadin antibodies
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Celiac Disease
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Classic Findings / Associations
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Antihistone antibodies
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Drug-induced SLE
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Classic Findings / Associations
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Anti-IgG Antibodies
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Rheumatoid Arthritis
|
Classic Findings / Associations
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Antimitochondrial antibodies
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1° biliary cirrhosis
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Classic Findings / Associations
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Antineutrophil antibodies
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vasculitis
|
Classic Findings / Associations
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antiplatelet antibodies
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Idiopathic Thrombocytopenic Purpura
|
Classic Findings / Associations
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Arachnodactyly
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Marfan's Syndrome
|
Classic Findings / Associations
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Argyll Robertson pupil
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Neurosyphilis
|
Classic Findings / Associations
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Arnold-Chiari malformation
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Cerebellar tonsillar herniation
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Classic Findings / Associations
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Aschoff bodies
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Rheumatic Fever
|
Classic Findings / Associations
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Atrophy of the mamillary bodies
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Wernicke's Encephalopathy
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Classic Findings / Associations
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Auer Rods
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Acute Myelogenous Leukemia (esp. promyelocytic type)
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Classic Findings / Associations
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Autosplenectomy
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Sickle Cell Anemia
|
Classic Findings / Associations
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Babinski's Sign
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UMN lesion
|
Classic Findings / Associations
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Baker's cyst in popliteal fossa
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Rheumatoid Arthritis
|
Classic Findings / Associations
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Bamboo spine
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Ankylosing spondylitis
|
Classic Findings / Associations
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Bartter's syndrome
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Hyperreninemia
|
Classic Findings / Associations
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Basophilic stippling of RBCs
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Lead poisoning
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Classic Findings / Associations
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Becker's muscular dystrophy
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Defective dystrophin; less severe than Duchenne's
|
Classic Findings / Associations
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Bell's Palsy
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LMN CN VII palsy
|
Classic Findings / Associations
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Bence Jones proteins
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Multiple Myeloma (kappa or lambda Ig light chains in urine), Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia (IgM)
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Classic Findings / Associations
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Berger's disease
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IgA nephropathy
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Classic Findings / Associations
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Bernard-Soulier disease
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defect in platelet adhesion
|
Classic Findings / Associations
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Bilateral hilar adenopathy, uveitis
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Sarcoidosis
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Classic Findings / Associations
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Birbeck granules on EM
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Histiocytosis X (eosinophilic granuloma)
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Classic Findings / Associations
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Bloody tap on LP
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Subarachnoid hemorrhage
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Classic Findings / Associations
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Blue bloater
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Chronic bronchitis
|
Classic Findings / Associations
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Blue-domed cysts
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Fibrocystic change of the breast
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Classic Findings / Associations
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Blue sclera
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Osteogenesis imperfecta
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Classic Findings / Associations
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Boot-shaped heart on CXR
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Tetralogy of Fallot; RVH
|
Classic Findings / Associations
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Bouchard's nodes
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OA (PIP swelling 2° to osteophytes)
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Classic Findings / Associations
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Boutonnière deformity
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Rheumatoid Arthritis
|
Classic Findings / Associations
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Branching rods in oral infx
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Actinomyces israelii
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Classic Findings / Associations
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"Brown Tumor" of bone
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Hemorrhage causes brown color of osteolytic cysts: 1. Hyperparathyroidism 2. Osteitis fibrosa cystica (von Recklinghausen's disease)
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Classic Findings / Associations
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Bruton's disease
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X-linked agammaglobulinemia
|
Classic Findings / Associations
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Budd-Chiari syndrome
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Posthepatic venous thrombosis
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Classic Findings / Associations
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Buerger's Disease
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Small / Medium artery vasculitis
|
Classic Findings / Associations
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Burkitt's lymphoma
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t(8:14), assoc w/ EBV; "starry sky" on histology
|
Classic Findings / Associations
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Burton's lines
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Lead poisoning
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Classic Findings / Associations
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c-ANCA, p-ANCA
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Wegner's granulomatosis, Microscopic polyangiitis
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Classic Findings / Associations
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Café-au-lait spots
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Neurofibromatosis
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Classic Findings / Associations
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Caisson Disease
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Gas emboli
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Classic Findings / Associations
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Calf pseudohypertrophy
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Duchenne muscular dystrophy
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Classic Findings / Associations
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Call-Exner bodies
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Granulosa-theca cell tumor of the ovary
|
Classic Findings / Associations
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Cardiomegaly w/ apical atrophy
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Chagas' disease
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Classic Findings / Associations
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Cerebriform nuclei
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Mycosis fungoides (cutaneous T-cell lymphoma)
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Classic Findings / Associations
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Chagas' disease
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Trypanosome infx
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Classic Findings / Associations
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Chancre
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1° syphilis (not painful)
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Classic Findings / Associations
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Chancroid
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Haemophilus ducreyi (painful)
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Classic Findings / Associations
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Charcot's triad
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Multiple Sclerosis (nystagmus, intention tremor, scanning speech);
cholangitis (jaundice, RUQ pain, fever) |
Classic Findings / Associations
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Charcot-Leyden crystals
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Bronchial asthma (eosinophil membranes)
|
Classic Findings / Associations
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Chédiak-Higashi disease
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Phagocyte deficiency
|
Classic Findings / Associations
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Cherry-red spot on macula
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Tay-Sachs, Niemann-Pick, central retinal artery occlusion
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Classic Findings / Associations
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Cheyne-Stokes respirations
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Central apnea in CHF and ↑ intracranial pressure
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Classic Findings / Associations
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Chocolate Cysts
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Endometriosis (freq. involves both ovaries)
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Classic Findings / Associations
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Chronic atrophic gastritis
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Predisposition to gastric carcinoma
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Classic Findings / Associations
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Chvostek's Sign
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Hypocalcemia (facial muscle spasm upon tapping)
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Classic Findings / Associations
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Clear cell adenocarcinoma of the vagina
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DES exposure in utero
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Classic Findings / Associations
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Clue cells
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Gardnerella vaginitis
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Classic Findings / Associations
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Codman's triangle on x-ray
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Osteosarcoma
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Classic Findings / Associations
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Cold Agglutinins
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Mycoplasma pneumoniae, infectous mononucleosis
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Classic Findings / Associations
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Cold intolerance
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Hypothyroidism
|
Classic Findings / Associations
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Condylomata lata
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2° syphilis
|
Classic Findings / Associations
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Continuous machinery murmur
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Patent ductus arteriosus
|
Classic Findings / Associations
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Cori's disease
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Debranching enzyme deficiency
|
Classic Findings / Associations
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Cotton-wool spots
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Chronic HTN
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Classic Findings / Associations
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Cough, conjunctivitis, coryza, and fever
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Measles
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Classic Findings / Associations
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Councilman bodies
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Toxic or viral hepatitis
|
Classic Findings / Associations
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Cowdry type A bodies
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Herpes virus
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Classic Findings / Associations
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Crescents in Bowman's capsule
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Rapidly progressive crescentic glomerulonephritis (RPGN)
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Classic Findings / Associations
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Crigler-Najjar syndrome
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Congenital unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia
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Classic Findings / Associations
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Curling's ulcer
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Acute gastric ulcer associated with severe burns
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Classic Findings / Associations
|
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Currant-jelly sputum
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Klebsiella
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Classic Findings / Associations
|
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Curschmann's spirals
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Bronchial asthma (whorled mucous plugs)
|
Classic Findings / Associations
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Cushing's ulcer
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Acute gastric ulcer assoc. w/ CNS injury
|
Classic Findings / Associations
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D-dimers
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DIC
|
Classic Findings / Associations
|
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depigmentation of neurons in substantia nighra
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Parkinson's disease (basal ganglia d/o -- rigidity, resting tremor, bradykinesia)
|
Classic Findings / Associations
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Dermatitis, dementia, diarrhea
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Pellagra (niacin, vitamin B3 deficiency)
|
Classic Findings / Associations
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Diabetes insipidus, exophthalmos, and lesions of skull
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Hand-Schuller-Christian disease
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Classic Findings / Associations
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Dog or cat bite
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Pasteurella multocida
|
Classic Findings / Associations
|
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Donovan bodies
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Granuloma inguinale
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Classic Findings / Associations
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Dressler's syndrome
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Post-MI fibrinous pericarditis
|
Classic Findings / Associations
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Dubin-Johnson syndrome
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Congenital conjugated hyperbilirubinemia (black liver)
|
Classic Findings / Associations
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Duchenne's muscular dystrophy
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Deleted dystrophin gene (X-linked recessive)
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Classic Findings / Associations
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Eburnation
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OA (polished, ivory-like appearance of bone)
|
Classic Findings / Associations
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Edwards' Syndrome
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Trisomy 18 associated w/ rocker-bottom feet, low-set ears, heart disease
|
Classic Findings / Associations
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Eisenmenger's complex
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Late cyanosis shunt (uncorrected L --> R shunt becomes R --> L shunt)
|
Classic Findings / Associations
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Elastic skin
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Ehlers-Danlos syndrome
|
Classic Findings / Associations
|
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Erb-Duchenne palsy
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Superior trunk (C5-C6) brachial plexus injury (waiter's tip)
|
Classic Findings / Associations
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Erythema chronicum migrans
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Lyme Disease
|
Classic Findings / Associations
|
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Fanconi's syndrome
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Proximal tubular reabsorption defect
|
Classic Findings / Associations
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"Fat, ♀, forty, and fertile"
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Acute cholecystitis
|
Classic Findings / Associations
|
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Fatty Liver
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Alcoholism
|
Classic Findings / Associations
|
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Ferrunginous bodies
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Asbestosis
|
Classic Findings / Associations
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Gardner's syndrome
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Colon polyps w/ osteomas and soft tissue tumors
|
Classic Findings / Associations
|
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Gaucher's disease
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Glucocerebrosidase deficiency
|
Classic Findings / Associations
|
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Ghon focus
|
1° Tb
|
Classic Findings / Associations
|
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Gilbert's syndrome
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Benign congenital unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia
|
Classic Findings / Associations
|
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Glansmann's thrombasthenia
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Defect in platelet aggregation
|
Classic Findings / Associations
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Goodpasture's syndrome
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Autoantibodies against alveolar and glomerular basement membrane proteins
|
Classic Findings / Associations
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Gowers' maneuver
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Duchenne's (use of patient's arms to help legs pick self off floor)
|
Classic Findings / Associations
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Guillain-Barré syndrome
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Idiopathid polyneuritis
|
Classic Findings / Associations
|
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"Hair-on-end" (crew cut appearance on x-ray)
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B-thalassemia, sickle cell anemia (extramedullary hematopoiesis)
|
Classic Findings / Associations
|
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Hand-Schuller-Christian disease
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Chronic progressive histiocytosis
|
Classic Findings / Associations
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HbF
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Thalassemia major
|
Classic Findings / Associations
|
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HbS
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Sickle Cell Anemia
|
Classic Findings / Associations
|
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↑ hCG
|
Choriocarcinoma, hydatidiform mole (occurs w/ and w/out embryo)
|
Classic Findings / Associations
|
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Heberden's nodes
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OA (DIP swelling 2° to osteophytes)
|
Classic Findings / Associations
|
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Heinz bodies
|
G6PD deficiency
|
Classic Findings / Associations
|
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Henoch-Schonlein purpura
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hypersensitivity vasculitis associated w/ hemorrhagic urticaria and URIs
|
Classic Findings / Associations
|
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Heterophil antibodies
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Infectious mononucleosis (EBV)
|
Classic Findings / Associations
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High-output cardiac failure (dilated cardiomyopathy)
|
Wet beriberi (thiamine, vitamin B1 deficiency)
|
Classic Findings / Associations
|
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HLA-B27
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Reiter's syndrome, ankylosing spondylitis
|
Classic Findings / Associations
|
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HLA-DR3 or -DR4
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Diabetes mellitus type 1 (caused by autoiummune destruction of B cells)
|
Classic Findings / Associations
|
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Homer Wright rosettes
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Neuroblastoma
|
Classic Findings / Associations
|
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Honeycomb lung on CXR
|
Interstitial fibrosis
|
Classic Findings / Associations
|
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Horner's syndrome
|
Ptosis, miosis, and anhidrosis
|
Classic Findings / Associations
|
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Howell-Jolly bodies
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Splenectomy (or nonfxn spleen)
|
Classic Findings / Associations
|
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Huntington's disease
|
Caudate degeneration (AD)
|
Classic Findings / Associations
|
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Hyperphagia + hypersexuality + hyperorality + hyperdocility
|
Kluver-Bucy syndrome (amygdala)
|
Classic Findings / Associations
|
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Hyperpigmentation of skin
|
1° adrenal insufficiency (Addison's disease)
|
Classic Findings / Associations
|
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Hypersegmented neutrophils
|
Macrocytic anemia
|
Classic Findings / Associations
|
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HTN + hypokalemia
|
Conn's syndrome
|
Classic Findings / Associations
|
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Hypochromic microcytosis
|
Iron deficiency anemia, lead poisoning
|
Classic Findings / Associations
|
|
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↑ a-fetoprotein in amniotic fluid/maternal serum
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Anencephaly, spina bifida (neural tube defectst)
|
Classic Findings / Associations
|
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↑ uric acid levels
|
Gout, Lesch-Nyhan syndrome, myeloproliferative disorders, loop and thiazide diuretics
|
Classic Findings / Associations
|
|
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Intussusception
|
Adenovirus (causes hyperplasia of Peyer's patches)
|
Classic Findings / Associations
|
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Janeway lesions
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Endocarditis
|
Classic Findings / Associations
|
|
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Jarisch-Herxheimer reaction
|
Syphilis - overaggressive treatment of an asymptomatic patient that causes symptoms due to rapid lysis
|
Classic Findings / Associations
|
|
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Job's syndrome
|
Neutrophil chemotaxis abnormality
|
Classic Findings / Associations
|
|
|
Kaposi's sarcoma
|
AIDS in MSM
|
Classic Findings / Associations
|
|
|
Kartagener's syndrome
|
Dynein defect (cilia immotility)
|
Classic Findings / Associations
|
|
|
Kayser-Fleischer rings
|
Wilson's disease
|
Classic Findings / Associations
|
|
|
Keratin pearls
|
Squamous cell carcinoma
|
Classic Findings / Associations
|
|
|
Kimmelstiel-Wilson nodules
|
Diabetic nephropathy
|
Classic Findings / Associations
|
|
|
Kluver-Bucy syndrome
|
Bilateral amygdala lesions
|
Classic Findings / Associations
|
|
|
Koilocytes
|
HPV
|
Classic Findings / Associations
|
|
|
Koplik spots
|
Measles
|
Classic Findings / Associations
|
|
|
Krukenberg tumor
|
Gastric adenocarcinoma w/ ovarian metastases
|
Classic Findings / Associations
|
|
|
Kussmaul hyperpnea
|
Diabetic ketoacidosis
|
Classic Findings / Associations
|
|
|
Lens dislocation + aortic dissection + joint hyperflexibility
|
Marfan's Syndrome (fibrillin deficit)
|
Classic Findings / Associations
|
|
|
Lesch-Nyhan syndrome
|
HGPRT deficiency
|
Classic Findings / Associations
|
|
|
Lewy bodies
|
Parkinson's disease (basal ganglis d/o -- rigidity, resting tremor, bradykinesia)
|
Classic Findings / Associations
|
|
|
Libman-Sacks disease
|
Endocarditis assoc. w/ SLE
|
Classic Findings / Associations
|
|
|
Lines of Zahn
|
Arterial thrombus
|
Classic Findings / Associations
|
|
|
Lisch nodules
|
Neurofibromatosis (von Recklinghausen's disease)
|
Classic Findings / Associations
|
|
|
↓ serum ceruloplasmin
|
Wilson's disease
|
Classic Findings / Associations
|
|
|
Lucid interval
|
Epidural hematoma
|
Classic Findings / Associations
|
|
|
"Lumpy-bumpy" appearance of glomeruli on immunofluorescence
|
Poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis
|
Classic Findings / Associations
|
|
|
Lytic bone lesions on x-ray
|
Multiple Myeloma (kappa or lambda Ig light chains in urine)
, Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia (IgM) |
Classic Findings / Associations
|
|
|
Mallory bodies
|
Alcoholic liver disease
|
Classic Findings / Associations
|
|
|
Mallory-Weiss syndrome
|
Esophagogastric lacerations
|
Classic Findings / Associations
|
|
|
McArdle's disease
|
Muscle phosphorylase deficiency
|
Classic Findings / Associations
|
|
|
McBurney's sign
|
Appendicitis
|
Classic Findings / Associations
|
|
|
MLF syndrome (INO)
|
Multiple Sclerosis
|
Classic Findings / Associations
|
|
|
Monoclonal antibody spike
|
Multiple myeloma (called the M protein, usually IgG or IgA), MGUS (monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance), Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia (M protein = IgM)
|
Classic Findings / Associations
|
|
|
Myxedema
|
Hypothyroidism
|
Classic Findings / Associations
|
|
|
Necrotizing vasculitis (lungs) and necrotizing glomerulonephritis
|
Wegner's and Goodpasture's (hemoptysis and glomerular disease)
|
Classic Findings / Associations
|
|
|
Needle-shaped, negatively biregringent crystals
|
Gout
|
Classic Findings / Associations
|
|
|
Negri bodies
|
Rabies
|
Classic Findings / Associations
|
|
|
Nephritis + cataracts + hearing loss
|
Alport's Syndrome
|
Classic Findings / Associations
|
|
|
Neurofibrillary tangles
|
Alzheimer's disease
|
Classic Findings / Associations
|
|
|
Niemann-Pick disease
|
Sphingomyelinase deficiency
|
Classic Findings / Associations
|
|
|
No lactation postpartum
|
Sheehan's syndrome (pituitary infarction)
|
Classic Findings / Associations
|
|
|
Nutmeg liver
|
CHF
|
Classic Findings / Associations
|
|
|
Occupational exposure to asbestos
|
Malignant mesothelioma
|
Classic Findings / Associations
|
|
|
"Orphan Annie" nuclei
|
papillary carcinoma of the thyroid
|
Classic Findings / Associations
|
|
|
Osler's nodes
|
Endocarditis
|
Classic Findings / Associations
|
|
|
Owl's eye
|
CMV
|
Classic Findings / Associations
|
|
|
painless jaundice
|
Pancreatic cancer (head)
|
Classic Findings / Associations
|
|
|
Palpable purpura on legs and buttocks
|
Henoch-Schonlein purpura
|
Classic Findings / Associations
|
|
|
Pancoast's Tumor
|
Bronchogenic apical tumor associated w/ Horner's syndrome
|
Classic Findings / Associations
|
|
|
Pannus
|
Rheumatoid Arthritis
|
Classic Findings / Associations
|
|
|
Parkinson's disease
|
Nigrostriatal dopamine depletion
|
Classic Findings / Associations
|
|
|
Perosteal elevation on x-ray
|
pyogenic osteomyelitis
|
Classic Findings / Associations
|
|
|
Peutz-Jeghers syndrome
|
Benign polyposis
|
Classic Findings / Associations
|
|
|
Peyronie's disease
|
Penile fibrosis
|
Classic Findings / Associations
|
|
|
Philadelphia chromosome (bcr-abl)
|
CML (sometimes AML)
|
Classic Findings / Associations
|
|
|
Pick bodies
|
Pick's disease
|
Classic Findings / Associations
|
|
|
Pick's disease
|
Progressive dementia, similar to Alzheimer's
|
Classic Findings / Associations
|
|
|
Plummer-Vinson syndrome
|
Esophageal webs with iron deficiency anemia
|
Classic Findings / Associations
|
|
|
Podagra
|
Gout (MP joint of hallux)
|
Classic Findings / Associations
|
|
|
Podocyte fusion
|
Minimal change disease
|
Classic Findings / Associations
|
|
|
Polyneuropathy, cardiac pathology, and edema
|
Dry beriberi (thiamine, vitamin B1 deficiency)
|
Classic Findings / Associations
|
|
|
Polyneuropathy preceded by GI or respiratory infx
|
Guillain-Barré syndrome
|
Classic Findings / Associations
|
|
|
Pompe's disease
|
Lysosomal glucosidase deficiency associated w/ cardiomegaly
|
Classic Findings / Associations
|
|
|
Port-wine stain
|
Hemangioma
|
Classic Findings / Associations
|
|
|
Positive anterior drawer sign
|
ACL injury
|
Classic Findings / Associations
|
|
|
Pott's disease
|
Vertebral tuberculosis
|
Classic Findings / Associations
|
|
|
Pseudopalisade tumor cell arrangement
|
Glioblastoma multiforme
|
Classic Findings / Associations
|
|
|
Pseudorosettes
|
Ewing's sarcoma
|
Classic Findings / Associations
|
|
|
Ptosis, miosis, anhidrosis
|
Horner's syndrome (pancoast tumor)
|
Classic Findings / Associations
|
|
|
Raynaud's syndrome
|
Recurrent vasospasm in extremities
|
Classic Findings / Associations
|
|
|
RBC casts in urine
|
Acute glomerulonephritis
|
Classic Findings / Associations
|
|
|
Recurrect pulmonary Pseudomonas and S. aureus infx
|
Cystic fibrosis
|
Classic Findings / Associations
|
|
|
Red urine in the morning
|
Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria
|
Classic Findings / Associations
|
|
|
Reed-Sternberg cells
|
Hodgkin's lymphoma
|
Classic Findings / Associations
|
|
|
Reid index (↑)
|
chronic bronchitis
|
Classic Findings / Associations
|
|
|
Reinke crystals
|
Leydig cell tumor
|
Classic Findings / Associations
|
|
|
Reiter's syndrome
|
Urethritis, conjunctivitis, arthritis
|
Classic Findings / Associations
|
|
|
Renal cell carcinoma + carvernous hemangiomas + adenomas
|
von Hippel-Lindau disease
|
Classic Findings / Associations
|
|
|
Renal epithelial casts in urine
|
Acute toxic/viral nephrosis
|
Classic Findings / Associations
|
|
|
Rhomboid crystals, positively birefringent
|
Pseudogout
|
Classic Findings / Associations
|
|
|
Rib notching
|
coartcation of aorta
|
Classic Findings / Associations
|
|
|
Roth's spots in retina
|
endocarditis
|
Classic Findings / Associations
|
|
|
Rotor's syndrome
|
Congenital conjugated hyperbilirubinemia
|
Classic Findings / Associations
|
|
|
Rouleaux formation (RBCs)
|
Multiple Myeloma
|
Classic Findings / Associations
|
|
|
S3
|
L--> R shunt (VSD, PDA, ASD), mitral regurgitation, LV failure (CHF)
|
Classic Findings / Associations
|
|
|
S4
|
Aortic stenosis, hypertrophic subaortic stenosis
|
Classic Findings / Associations
|
|
|
Schiller-Duval bodies
|
Yolk sac tumor
|
Classic Findings / Associations
|
|
|
Senile plaques
|
Alzheimer's disease
|
Classic Findings / Associations
|
|
|
Sézary syndrome
|
Cutaneous T-cell lymphoma
|
Classic Findings / Associations
|
|
|
Sheehan's syndrome
|
Postpartum pituitary necrosis
|
Classic Findings / Associations
|
|
|
Shwartzman reaction
|
Neisseria meningitidis
|
Classic Findings / Associations
|
|
|
Signet-ring cells
|
Gastric carcinoma
|
Classic Findings / Associations
|
|
|
Simian crease
|
Down syndrome
|
Classic Findings / Associations
|
|
|
Sipple's syndrome
|
MEN type Iia
|
Classic Findings / Associations
|
|
|
Sjogren's syndrome
|
Dry eyes, dry mouth, arthritis
|
Classic Findings / Associations
|
|
|
Skip lesions
|
Crohn's
|
Classic Findings / Associations
|
|
|
Slapped cheeks
|
Erythema infectiosum (fifth disease)
|
Classic Findings / Associations
|
|
|
Smith antigen
|
SLE
|
Classic Findings / Associations
|
|
|
"Smudge Cell"
|
CLL
|
Classic Findings / Associations
|
|
|
Soap bubble on x-ray
|
Giant cell tumor of bone
|
Classic Findings / Associations
|
|
|
Spike and dome on EM
|
Membranous glomerulonephritis
|
Classic Findings / Associations
|
|
|
Spitz nevus
|
Benign juvenile melanoma
|
Classic Findings / Associations
|
|
|
Splinter hemorrhages in fingernails
|
endocarditis
|
Classic Findings / Associations
|
|
|
Starry-sky pattern
|
Burkitt's lymphoma
|
Classic Findings / Associations
|
|
|
"Strawberry tongue"
|
Scarlet fever
|
Classic Findings / Associations
|
|
|
Streaky ovaries
|
Turner's syndrome
|
Classic Findings / Associations
|
|
|
String sign on x-ray
|
Crohn's disease
|
Classic Findings / Associations
|
|
|
Subepithelial humps on EM
|
Poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis
|
Classic Findings / Associations
|
|
|
Suboccipital lymphadenopathy
|
Rubella
|
Classic Findings / Associations
|
|
|
Sulfur granules
|
Actinomyces israelii
|
Classic Findings / Associations
|
|
|
Swollen gums, bruising, pour wound healing, anemia
|
Scurvy
(ascorbic acid, vitamin C deficiency) vitamin C is necessary for hydroxylation of proline and lysine in collagen synthesis |
Classic Findings / Associations
|
|
|
Systolic ejection murmur (cresc.-decresc.)
|
Aortic valve stenosis
|
Classic Findings / Associations
|
|
|
t(8;14)
|
Burkitt's lymphoma (c-myc activation)
|
Classic Findings / Associations
|
|
|
t(9;22)
|
Philadelphia chromosome, CML (bcr-able hybrid)
|
Classic Findings / Associations
|
|
|
t(14;18)
|
Follicular lymphomas (bcl-2 activation)
|
Classic Findings / Associations
|
|
|
Tabes dorsalis
|
3° syphilis
|
Classic Findings / Associations
|
|
|
Tendon xanthomas (classically Achilles)
|
Familial hypercholesterolemia
|
Classic Findings / Associations
|
|
|
Thumb sign on lateral x-ray
|
Epiglottitis (Haemophilus influenzae)
|
Classic Findings / Associations
|
|
|
Thyroidization of kidney
|
Chronic bacterial pyelonephritis
|
Classic Findings / Associations
|
|
|
Tophi
|
Gout
|
Classic Findings / Associations
|
|
|
"Tram track" appearance on LM
|
Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis
|
Classic Findings / Associations
|
|
|
Trousseau's sign
|
Visceral cancer, pancreatic adenocarcinoma (migratory thrombophlebitis), hypocalcemia (carpal spasm)
|
Classic Findings / Associations
|
|
|
Virchow's node
|
Left supraclavicular node enlargement from metastatic carcinoma of the stomach
|
Classic Findings / Associations
|
|
|
Virchow's triad
|
Pulmonary embolism (triad: blood stasis, endothelial damage, hypercoagulation)
|
Classic Findings / Associations
|
|
|
von Recklinhausen's disease
|
Neurofibromatosis w/ café-au-lait spots
|
Classic Findings / Associations
|
|
|
von Recklinhausen's disease of the bone
|
Osteitis fibrosa cystica ("brown tumor")
|
Classic Findings / Associations
|
|
|
Wallenberg's syndrome
|
PICA thrombosis
|
Classic Findings / Associations
|
|
|
Waterhouse-Friderichsen syndrome
|
Adrenal hemorrhage associated w/ meningococcemia
|
Classic Findings / Associations
|
|
|
Waxy casts
|
Chronic end-stage renal disease
|
Classic Findings / Associations
|
|
|
WBC casts in urine
|
Acute pyelonephritis
|
Classic Findings / Associations
|
|
|
WBCs in urine
|
Acute cystitis
|
Classic Findings / Associations
|
|
|
Wermer's syndrome
|
MEN type 1
|
Classic Findings / Associations
|
|
|
Whipple's disease
|
Malabsorption syndrome caused by Tropheryma whippelii
|
Classic Findings / Associations
|
|
|
Wilson's disease
|
Hepatolenticular degeneration
|
Classic Findings / Associations
|
|
|
"Wire loop" appearance on LM
|
Lupus nephropathy
|
Classic Findings / Associations
|
|
|
"Worst headace of my life"
|
Berry aneurysm -- assoc w/ adult polycystic kidney disease
|
Classic Findings / Associations
|
|
|
Xanthochromia (CSF)
|
subarachnoid hemorrhage
|
Classic Findings / Associations
|
|
|
Xerostomia + arthritis + keratoconjunctivitis sicca
|
Sjogren's syndrome
|
Classic Findings / Associations
|
|
|
Zenker's diverticulum
|
Upper GI diverticulum
|
Classic Findings / Associations
|
|
|
Zollinger-Ellison syndrome
|
Gastrin-secreting tumor associated with ulcers
|
Classic Findings / Associations
|
|
|
Bacteremia / Pneumonia (IVDA)
|
S. aureus
|
Most Common
|
|
|
Bacteria associated w/ cancer
|
H.pylori
|
Most Common
|
|
|
Bacteria found in GI tract
|
Bacteroides (2nd - e.coli)
|
Most Common
|
|
|
Brain tumor (adults)
|
Mets > astrocytoma (including glioblastoma multiforme) > meningioma > schwannoma
|
Most Common
|
|
|
Brain tumor (kids)
|
Medulloblastoma (cerebellum)
|
Most Common
|
|
|
Brain tumor - supratentorial (kids)
|
Craniopharyngioma
|
Most Common
|
|
|
Breast Cancer
|
Infiltrating ductal carcinoma (in US, 1/9 ♀ will develop breast cancer)
|
Most Common
|
|
|
Breast Mass
|
Fibrocystic change (in postmenopausal ♀, carcinoma is most common)
|
Most Common
|
|
|
Breast Tumor (benign)
|
Fibroadenoma
|
Most Common
|
|
|
Bug in debilitated, hospitalized pneumonia patient
|
Klebsiella
|
Most Common
|
|
|
Cardiac 1° tumor (adults)
|
Myxoma (4:1 left to right atrium, "ball and valve")
|
Most Common
|
|
|
Cardiac 1° tumor (kids)
|
Rhabdomyoma
|
Most Common
|
|
|
Cardiac tumor (adults)
|
Mets
|
Most Common
|
|
|
Cardiomyopathy
|
Dilated cardiomyopathy
|
Most Common
|
|
|
Chromosomal disorder
|
Down syndrome
(associated w/ ALL, Alzheimer's dementia, and endocardial cushion defects) |
Most Common
|
|
|
Chronic arrhythmia
|
Atrial fibrillation (assoc. w/ high risk of emobli)
|
Most Common
|
|
|
Congenital cardiac anomaly
|
VSD
|
Most Common
|
|
|
Constrictive peridarditis
|
Tuberculosis
|
Most Common
|
|
|
Coronary artery involved in thrombosis
|
LAD > RCA > LCA
|
Most Common
|
|
|
Cyanosis (early; less common)
|
Tetralogy of Fallot, transposition of great vessels, truncus arteriosus
|
Most Common
|
|
|
Cyanosis (late; more common)
|
VSD, ASD, PDA (close w/ indomethacin, open w/ misoprostol)
|
Most Common
|
|
|
Demyelinating disease
|
Multiple sclerosis
|
Most Common
|
|
|
Dietary deficit
|
Iron
|
Most Common
|
|
|
Epiglottitis
|
Haemophilus influenzae, type B
|
Most Common
|
|
|
Esophageal Cancer
|
Squamous cell carcinoma
|
Most Common
|
|
|
gene involved in cancer
|
p53 (tumor suppressor)
|
Most Common
|
|
|
Group affected by cystic fibrosis
|
Caucasians
(fat-soluble vitamin deficiencies, mucous plugs / lung infx) |
Most Common
|
|
|
Gynecologic malignancy
|
enodmetrial carcinoma
|
Most Common
|
|
|
Heart murmur
|
Mitral valve prolapse
|
Most Common
|
|
|
Heart valve in bacterial endocarditis
|
mitral
|
Most Common
|
|
|
Heart valve in bacterial endocarditis (IVDA)
|
tricuspid
|
Most Common
|
|
|
Heart valve (rheumatic fever)
|
mitral (aortic is 2nd)
|
Most Common
|
|
|
Helminth infx (US)
|
Enterobius vermicularis
(pinworm -- scotch tape test) [(Ascaris lumbricoides is 2nd - roundworm)] |
Most Common
|
|
|
Hereditary bleeding disorder
|
von Willebrand's
|
Most Common
|
|
|
Kidney stones
|
Calcium = radiopaque (2nd most common is ammonium = radiopaque; formed by urease-positive organisms such as Proteus vulgaris or Staphylococcus)
|
Most Common
|
|
|
Liver disease
|
Alcoholic liver disease
|
Most Common
|
|
|
Location of brain tumors (adults)
|
Supratentorial
|
Most Common
|
|
|
Location of brain tumors (kids)
|
Infratentorial
|
Most Common
|
|
|
Lysosomal storage disease
|
Gaucher's disease
|
Most Common
|
|
|
Male cancer
|
Prostatic carcinoma
|
Most Common
|
|
|
Malignancy assoc. w/ noninfx fever
|
Hodgkin's disease
|
Most Common
|
|
|
Malignant skin tumor
|
Basal cell carcinoma (rarely metastasizes)
|
Most Common
|
|
|
Mets to bone
|
Breast, lung, thyroid, testes, prostate, kidney
|
Most Common
|
|
|
Mets to brain
|
lung, breast, skin, kidney (RCC), GI
|
Most Common
|
|
|
Mets to liver
|
Colon, gastric, pancreatic, breast, lung
|
Most Common
|
|
|
Motor neuron disease
|
ALS
|
Most Common
|
|
|
Neoplasm (kids)
|
ALL (2nd: cerebellar medulloblastoma)
|
Most Common
|
|
|
Nephrotic syndrome
|
Membranous glomerulonephritis
|
Most Common
|
|
|
Obstruction of ♂ urinary tract
|
BPH
|
Most Common
|
|
|
Opportunistic infx in AIDS
|
Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia
|
Most Common
|
|
|
Organ receiving mets
|
Adrenal glands (rich blood supply)
|
Most Common
|
|
|
Organ sending mets
|
lung > breast, stomach
|
Most Common
|
|
|
Ovarian tumor (benign)
|
serous cystadenoma
|
Most Common
|
|
|
Ovarian tumor (malignant)
|
serous cystadenocarcinoma
|
Most Common
|
|
|
Pancreatic tumor
|
adenocarcinoma (head of pancreas)
|
Most Common
|
|
|
patient w/ ALL/CLL/AML/CML
|
ALL - child (<15y/o)
AML - 15 - 40 y/o CML - 35 - 50 y/o CLL - adult >60 y/o |
Most Common
|
|
|
Patient w/ hodgkin's
|
young ♂ (except nodular sclerosis type- ♀)
|
Most Common
|
|
|
Patient w/ minimal change disease
|
young child
|
Most Common
|
|
|
Patient w/ Reiter's
|
♂
|
Most Common
|
|
|
Pituitary tumor
|
Prolactinoma (2nd - somatotropic "acidophilic" adenoma)
|
Most Common
|
|
|
Preventable cancer
|
lung
|
Most Common
|
|
|
Primary bone tumor (adults)
|
Multiple Myeloma
|
Most Common
|
|
|
Primary hyperparathyroidism
|
Adenomas (followed by hyperplasia, then carcinoma)
|
Most Common
|
|
|
Primary liver tumor
|
hepatoma
|
Most Common
|
|
|
Renal tumor
|
Renal call carcinoma -- assoc w/ von Hippel-Lindau and acquired polycystic kidney disease; paraneoplastic syndromes (erythropoietin, renin, PTH, ACTH)
|
Most Common
|
|
|
Secondary hyperparathyroidism
|
Hypocalcemia of chronic renal failure
|
Most Common
|
|
|
Sexually transmitted disease
|
Chlamydia
|
Most Common
|
|
|
Site of diverticula
|
Sigmoid colon
|
Most Common
|
|
|
Site of metastasis
|
Regional lymph nodes
|
Most Common
|
|
|
Site of metastasis (2nd)
|
liver
|
Most Common
|
|
|
Sites of atherosclerosis
|
Abdominal aorta > coronary > popliteal > carotid
|
Most Common
|
|
|
Skin cancer
|
Basal cell carcinoma
|
Most Common
|
|
|
Stomach Cancer
|
Adenocarcinoma
|
Most Common
|
|
|
Testicular tumor
|
seminoma
|
Most Common
|
|
|
Thyroid cancer
|
papillary carcinoma of the thyroid
|
Most Common
|
|
|
Tracheoesophageal fistula
|
Lower esophagus joins trachea / upper esophagus - blind pouch
|
Most Common
|
|
|
tumor in ♂
|
prostate carcinoma
|
Most Common
|
|
|
tumor in ♀
|
leiomyoma (estrogen dependent)
|
Most Common
|
|
|
tumor of infancy
|
hemangioma
|
Most Common
|
|
|
tumor of the adrenal medulla (adults)
|
pheochromocytoma (benign)
|
Most Common
|
|
|
tumor of the adrenal medulla (kids)
|
neuroblastoma (malignant)
|
Most Common
|
|
|
type of hodgkin's
|
nodular sclerosis (vs. mixed cellularity, lymphocytic predominance, lymphocytic depletion)
|
Most Common
|
|
|
type of non-hodgkin's
|
follicular, small cleaved
|
Most Common
|
|
|
type of pituitary adenoma
|
prolactinoma
|
Most Common
|
|
|
vasculitis
|
temporal arteritis (risk of ipsilateral blindness due to thrombosis of ophthalmic artery)
|
Most Common
|
|
|
viral encephalitis
|
HSV
|
Most Common
|
|
|
vitamin deficiency (US)
|
folic acid (pregnant ♀ are at high risk; body stores only 3 to 4 month supply)
|
Most Common
|
|
|
Addison's disease
|
Autoimmune (infx is 2nd)
|
Most Common Cause of
|
|
|
Aneurysm, dissecting
|
HTN
|
Most Common Cause of
|
|
|
Aortic aneurysm, abdominal and descending aorta
|
atherosclerosis
|
Most Common Cause of
|
|
|
aortic aneurysm, ascending
|
3° syphilis
|
Most Common Cause of
|
|
|
bacterial meningitis (adults)
|
Strep. pneumoniae
|
Most Common Cause of
|
|
|
bacterial meningitis (elderly)
|
Strep. pneumoniae
|
Most Common Cause of
|
|
|
bacterial meningitis (kids)
|
Strep. pneumoniae or Neisseria meningitidis
|
Most Common Cause of
|
|
|
bacterial meningitis (newborns)
|
Group B Strep
|
Most Common Cause of
|
|
|
Cancer assoc. w/ AIDS
|
Kaopsi's sarcoma
|
Most Common Cause of
|
|
|
Congenital adrenal hyperplasia
|
21-hydroxylase deficiency
|
Most Common Cause of
|
|
|
Cretinism
|
Iodine deficit / hypothyroidism
|
Most Common Cause of
|
|
|
Cushing's syndrome
|
Corticosteroid therapy (2nd: excess ACTH secretion by pituitary)
|
Most Common Cause of
|
|
|
Death in CML
|
Clast crisis
|
Most Common Cause of
|
|
|
Death in SLE
|
Lupus nephropathy
|
Most Common Cause of
|
|
|
Dementia
|
Alzheimers (2nd: multi-infarct)
|
Most Common Cause of
|
|
|
DIC
|
Gram-negative sepsis, obstetric complications, cancer, burn trauma
|
Most Common Cause of
|
|
|
Ejection Click
|
Aortic / pulmonic stenosis
|
Most Common Cause of
|
|
|
Food poisoning
|
S. aureus
|
Most Common Cause of
|
|
|
Glomerulonephritis (adults)
|
IgA nephropathy (Berger's disease)
|
Most Common Cause of
|
|
|
Hematoma -- epidural
|
Rupture of middle meningeal artery (arterial bleeding is fast)
|
Most Common Cause of
|
|
|
Hematoma -- subdural
|
Rupture of bridging veins (trauma; venous bleeding is slow)
|
Most Common Cause of
|
|
|
Hemochromatosis
|
multiple blood transfusions (can result in CHF and ↑ risk for hepatocellular carcinoma)
|
Most Common Cause of
|
|
|
Hepatic cirrhosis
|
EtOH
|
Most Common Cause of
|
|
|
Hepatocellular carcinoma
|
Cirrhotic liver (assoc. w/ Hep B and Hep C)
|
Most Common Cause of
|
|
|
Holosystolic murmur
|
VSD, tricuspid regurg. , mitral regurg.
|
Most Common Cause of
|
|
|
HTN, 2°
|
Renal disease
|
Most Common Cause of
|
|
|
Hypoparathyroidism
|
Thyroidectomy
|
Most Common Cause of
|
|
|
Hyoppituitarism
|
Adenomas (followed by hyperplasia, then carcinoma)
|
Most Common Cause of
|
|
|
Infx in blood transfusion
|
HCV
|
Most Common Cause of
|
|
|
Infx in burn victims
|
Pseudomonas
|
Most Common Cause of
|
|
|
Leukemia (adults)
|
AML
|
Most Common Cause of
|
|
|
"machine-like murmur"
|
PDA
|
Most Common Cause of
|
|
|
Mental retardation
|
Down syndrome (2nd: fragile X)
|
Most Common Cause of
|
|
|
MI
|
atherosclerosis
|
Most Common Cause of
|
|
|
Mitral valve stenosis
|
Rheumatic heart disease
|
Most Common Cause of
|
|
|
Myocarditis
|
Coxsackie B
|
Most Common Cause of
|
|
|
Nephrotic syndrome (adults)
|
membranous glomerulonephritis
|
Most Common Cause of
|
|
|
Nephrotic syndrome (kids)
|
minimal change disease (assoc. w/ infx/vaccinations; treat w/ corticosteroids)
|
Most Common Cause of
|
|
|
opening snap
|
mitral stenosis
|
Most Common Cause of
|
|
|
osteomyelitis
|
S. aureus
|
Most Common Cause of
|
|
|
osteomyelitis in patients w/ sickle cell disease
|
Salmonella
|
Most Common Cause of
|
|
|
Osteomyelitis w/ IVDA
|
Pseudomonas
|
Most Common Cause of
|
|
|
pancreatitis (acute)
|
EtOH and gallstones
|
Most Common Cause of
|
|
|
pancreatitis (chronic)
|
EtOH (adults), cystic fibrosis (kids)
|
Most Common Cause of
|
|
|
Peau d'orange
|
carcinoma of the breast
|
Most Common Cause of
|
|
|
PID
|
Neisseria gonorrhoeae (monoarticular arthritis)
|
Most Common Cause of
|
|
|
Pneumonia, hospital acquired
|
Klebsiella
|
Most Common Cause of
|
|
|
Pneumonia in CF / burn infx
|
Pseudomonas
|
Most Common Cause of
|
|
|
Preventable blindness
|
Chlamydia
|
Most Common Cause of
|
|
|
Primary amenorrhea
|
Turner's (XO)
|
Most Common Cause of
|
|
|
Primary hyperaldosteronism
|
Adenoma of adrenal cortex
|
Most Common Cause of
|
|
|
Primary hyperparathyroidism
|
Adenoma
|
Most Common Cause of
|
|
|
Pulmonary HTN
|
COPD
|
Most Common Cause of
|
|
|
Right heart failure due to a pulmonary cause
|
Cor pulmonale
|
Most Common Cause of
|
|
|
Right-sided heart failure
|
Left-sided heart failure
|
Most Common Cause of
|
|
|
Sheehan's syndrome
|
Postpartum pituitary infarction 2° to hemorrhage
|
Most Common Cause of
|
|
|
SIADH
|
Small Cell Carcinoma of the lung
|
Most Common Cause of
|
|
|
UTI
|
E. coli
|
Most Common Cause of
|
|
|
UTI (young ♀)
|
E. coli and S. saprophyticus
|
Most Common Cause of
|
|
|
pink puffer
|
"Emphysema
centroacinar ~ smoking panacinar ~a1-antitrypsin deficiency" |
Classic Findings / Associations
|
|
|
Rash on palms and soles
|
"2° syphilis,
Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever" |
Classic Findings / Associations
|
