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20 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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In what phase of meiosis is primary oocyte arrested until just prior to ovulation? In what phase of meiosis is an oocyte arrested until fertilization?
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Meiosis I arrested in prophase for years until ovulation.
Meiosis II is arrested in Metaphae until fertilization |
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What is the most common precursor of choriocarcinoma? What are the buzzwords for the gross appearance of this?
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Hydatidiform mole.
honey combed uterus, cluster of grapes |
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Which antifungal drug fit the description?
*side effect: arrhythmias *side effect: liver dysfunction *interferes with microtuble function *inhibits steroid synthesis in fungi and in humans *oral tx for superfical fungal infections |
arrhythmias: Amphoterecin B
liver dysfx: -Azoles interfes with microtubules: Griseofulvin inhibits steroid synth: -Azoles oral tx: Griseofulvin |
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What is the cause of I-cell dz?
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(inclusion dz) failure of addition of mannose 6-phosphate to lysosome proteins
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which diuretic lower serum calcium levels? Which diuretics cause calcium retention?
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loop diuretics lower serum calcium levels
thiazides, increase calcium |
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Why is diphenhydramine a poor medicaton choice in the elderly and those with BPH?
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H1 blocker: causes sedation, antimuscarinic, anti-alpha adrenergic
can cause acute angle-closure glaucoma in elderly, urinary retention in men with prostatic hyperplasia |
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What heart sound is a/w dilated congestive heart failure? What heart sound is a/w chronic htn?
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S3 with dilated CHF
S4 with chronic htn |
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What are the irreversible enzymes of glycolysis? what are the irreversible enzymes of gluconeogenesis?
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irreversible in glycolysis: hexokinase/glucokinase
PFK-1 PK Pyruvate dehydrogenase irrev. in gluconeogenesis: Pyruvate carboxylase PEP carboxykinase F1,6 BP G6Pase |
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A smear of your patient's blood reveals target cells. What dz do you suspect?
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thalassemia
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How does flutamide differ from finasteride in relation to m.o.a and clinical use?
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Flutamide: a nonsteroidal competitive inhibitor of androgens at the testosterone R. For prostate carcinoma
Finasteride: 5alpha reducase inhbitor (decreased conversion of testosterone to dihydrotestosterone) for BPH |
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What breast pathology fits the following description?
*small, mobile, firm mass with sharp edges in 24y/o woman *histologic "leaflike" *commonly presents with nipple d/c *exzematous patches on nipples *multiple bilat fluid-filled lesions with diffuse, cyclical breast pain *firm, firbous mass ina 55 y/o woman |
small, mobile, firm mass: fibroadenoma common <25 y/o
leaflike: Phyllodes tumor (6ht decade) nipple d/c: intraductal papilloma eczematous patch: Paget's dz bilat fluid-filled lesions: Fibrocystic dz firm, fibrous: invasive ductal |
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What is the difference between schizophrenia, schizophreniform, schizoaffective, schizoid, and schizotypal
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schizophrenia: psychosis and disturbed behavior with a decline in fx lasting >6mos
schizophreniform: 1-6mos schizoaffective: at least 2 wks of stable mood with psychotic symptoms plus a MD, manic or mixed episode; bipolar/depressive schizoid: voluntary social withdrawl, content in isolation schizotypal: eccentric appearance, odd beliefs, or magical thinking |
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What is the m.o.a of anesthetics? which nerve fibers are blocked first with local anes.
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blocks NA channels by bindidng to specific R on inner portion of channel.
small-diameter fibers> large diameter; myelinated> unmyelinated. small myelinated>small unmyelinated> large myelinated>large unmyelinated> |
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What are the two most common causes of dementia in the elderly?
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Alzheimer's and multi-infarct
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Where would you expect to find B cells in a lymph node? Where would you find T cells, plasma cells, and macrophages?
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B-cells in follicle
T-cells: paracortex plasma cells: medulla macrophages medullary sinus |
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what lab values would allow you to distinguish between thrombocytopeniia, von Willebrand's and DIC
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thrombocytopenia: decrease platelet, increase bleeding time, no change in PT, PTT
vonWillebrand's: increase bleeding, Platelet, PT unchanged. PTT may be elevated or unchanged DIC: PT/PTT normal, platelet down, bleeding time up. |
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what are the muslces of mastication
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Masseter, temporalis, Medial pterygoid.
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how can excess ehtanol cause hypoglycemia?
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ethanol metabolism ups NADH?NAD+ ratio in liver, causing diversion of pyruvate to lactate and OAA to malate, thus inhbiting gluconeogenesis and stimulating FA synthesis. Leads to hypoglycemia and hepatic fatty change seen in chronic alcoholics
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What elecotrolyte abnormality is associated with the following signs and sym?
*excess free water intake, coma *flattened T waves on EKG *kidney stones, abd pain *decrease reflexes-->resp arrest *peaked T waves on EKG *dehydartion, delirium, coma *neuromuscular irritability. |
excess free water intake: low Na
flattened T waves: Low K kidney stones: high Ca decreased reflexes: low Cl peaked T waves: high K dehydration, delirium: high Na neruomuscular irratiblity: low Mg |
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What characterizes serotonin syn? when might you see it?
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Gi distress, sexual dysfx (anorgasmia) seen with any drug that ups serotonin.
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